special senses-the chemical senses pt.2

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17 Terms

1
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what is olfaction?

the sense of smell, response to airbrone chemicals called odorants

2
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what are airborne chemicals that stimulate the sense of smell?

odorants

3
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where are olfactory receptor cells located?

Olfactory mucosa, which is a patch of epithelium in the roof of the nasal cavity

4
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how many different types of olfactory receptors do humans have?

about 400 types

5
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can each olfactory receptor cell detect multiple odorants?

no, each olfactory receptor cell is specialized to detect only one specific chemical odorant

6
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how many odors can humans distinguish?

between 2,000 to 4,000 odors but some can detect up to 10,000

7
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How does a humans sense of smell compare to that of a dog?

dogs can smell with much greater intensity but humans can smell more complex smells

8
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what is the first step in smelling?

the odorant molecule binds to a receptor on the olfactory hairs of the olfactory cells

9
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what is the key feature of how smell works that involves a second messenger system?

the odorant binds to G-protein coupled receptor, activating the cAMP second messenger system

10
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what happens after the second messenger system is activated in the olfactory cell?

ion channels open for sodium and calcium, causing depolarization and triggering an action potential

11
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what is the role of mitral and tufted cells in olfaction?

they consolidate information from the olfactory receptor cells and send it to the brain

12
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where do the mitral and tufted cell axons carry their output?

to the olfactory tracts, which end in the primary olfactory cortex of the brain

13
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what is the first-order neuron in olfaction?

from the olfactory receptor to the glomerulus in the olfactory bulb

14
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what is the second order neuron in olfaction?

from the olfactory bulb’s glomerulus to the primary olfactory cortex

15
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what part of the brain creates conscious perception of smell?

primary olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe

16
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what makes the olfaction pathway unique among special senses?

It skips the thalamus and goes straight to the cortex

17
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what do the olfactory tracts do?

they relay signals caudally from the olfactory bulb to the primary olfactory cortex