Cell Differentiation and Cell specialisation

What is differentiation?

The processes by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.

What happens during differentiation?

The cell can multiple diffferent subcellular structures and turn into different types of cells.

When does an animal cell lose the ability to differentiate?

After they become specialised (usually an early stage).

Which cells don’t lose the ability to differentiate?

Plant cells

What do we call undifferentiated cells?

Stem cells

What are tha adaptations of SPERM CELLS?

Sperm cells are specialised for reprduction. It has a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg. There are a lot of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed. It also carries enxymes in its head to digest through the egg cell memebrane.

What are the adaptations of NERVE CELLS?

Nerve cells are specialised for rapid signalising. The function of the nerve cell is to carry electrical signals form one part of the body to another. These cells are long and have branched connections at their end to connect too other nerve cell and from a network throughout the body.

What are the adaptation of MUSCLE CELLS?

Muscles cells are specialised for contraction. the function of muscle cells is to contract quickly. These cells are long (so that they have space to contract) and contain lots of mitochondria to provide the energy needed for contraction.

What are the adaptations of ROOT HAIR CELLS?

Root hair cells are specialised for absorbing water and minerals. Root hair cells are in the surface of plant roots, which grow into long “hairs” that stick out into the soil.. This gives the plant a big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.

What are the adaptations of PHLOEM & XYLEM CELLS?

Phloem and xylem are specialised for transporting substances. They form tubes, which transport water and food around the plant. To form the tubes, the cells are long and joined end to end. Xylem cells are hollow inthe centre and pholem cells are very few subcellular structures, so the stuff can flow through them.