Chem test

what is the difference between nuclear and chemical reactions?

nuclear reactions involve transformation of nuclei and emission of radioactivity

Gamma radiation is the only type of radiation that what?

consists of high energy radiation instead of particles

an alpha particle will collide with the nucleus to produce nuclear bombardment reaction only when what happens?

the positively charged alpha particle is moving fast enough

Radioisotopes cannot yet be used for what?

producing inexpensive, safe fuel

What does e=mc2 mean?

a small mass can be converted into a large amount of energy

a commonly used isotope for dating bio remains is what?

Carbon-14

what is nuclear bombardment?

use of a stream of high speed alpha particles to change and atom’s nucleus

what does radioactive mean?

an atom with unstable nucleus that emits alpha, beta or gamma particles

what is a chain reaction

series of fission reactions producing other fission reactions

what is fission?

the breaking apart of a larger nucleus to form a larger nucleus

what is a Radioisotope

form of an element that can change spontaneously into another element

what is fusion

joining of smaller nuclei to form a larger nucleus

what is a dosimeter

uses exposure of film to indicate radiation received

what is strong nuclear force?

holds neutrons and protons together

what is plasma?

state of matter in which nuclei exist separately from electrons

in E=Mc2 which two items are interchangable?

energy and mass

what is a nuclide?

a particular isotope

Nucleon

nuclear subatomic particles (protons, n, etc.)

Binding Energy

Strong Nuclear force, E used to hold nucleons together

Mass Defect

mass “lost” being converted to energy

nuclear decay most harmful to humans

gamma

What is Beta Decay

Releases Beta particles, is neutron heavy

What is positron emission?

Isotopic notation for Proton

Half Life Equation

Mass at time

Electron Capture

Initial Mass

isotopic notation for Alpha Particles

Isotopic Notation for Beta Particle

Isotopic notation for positron

Isotopic Notation for Gamma ray

Isotopic notation for Neutron

half life

What is Alpha Decay

time elasped

What do Gamma rays look like in cloud chamber

Barely visible trails

What particle has the same notation as and electron?

beta particles

What do Beta and Positron look like in a cloud chamber

thin long trails

Isotopic notation for electron

What do Alphas look like in a cloud chamber

short thick trails

What can Gamma rays be blocked by

lead or concrete

What can Beta and Positron particles be blocked by?

Aluminum sheets

What can Alpha Particles be blocked by

Paper and Skin

What doesn’t deflect in a magnetic field

Gamma Rays

Which particles reflect a lot in a magnetic field

Beta and Positrons

Which particle deflects a little in a magnetic field?

alpha particle

Only particle with negative charge

Beta particle

What is a High energy light instead of a particle?

Gamma ray

Which particle is a positive electron

positron

Which Particle is a high energy electron

Beta Particle

What is the largest heaviest particle

Alpha particles

on a figure what is an a move?

← 2 and 2 down

on a figure what is a B move?

1 →

Wavelength

Length of 1 cycle

what is a cycle

one complete wave from peak to peak

what is the symbol for wavelength?

Lambda λ

Frecuency

# of cycles per second

symbol for frequency?

Nu (v)

Speed

Velocity, distance a cycle travels in a wave per unit time

units for wavelength

meters (m) or nanometers (nm)

units for frequency

1/s, s-1, Hz (hertz)

Speed units

m/s

all light waves travel at the _______ speed

same

Light is made of

photons

Equation for speed using frequency and Wavelength

Speed = Frequency x Wavelength

Equation for Frequency using speed and wavelength

Frequency = Speed/Wavelength

Equation for wavelength using speed and frequency

Wavelength = Speed/Frequency

symbol for Planck’s constant

h

When wavelength is longer what is frequency

lower

the higher the frequency the ________ the wavelength

shorter

what is the wavelength of visible light

400-750

what is visible light

rainbow

rank the parts of the electromagnetic system from lowest to highest energy

Radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma ray

rank the parts of the electromagnetic system from lowest to highest frequency

(F)Radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma ray

rank the parts of the electromagnetic system from lowest to highest Wavelength

gamma, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio

What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?

Inverse

What is the relationship between frequency and Energy?

Direct

Bohr Model

proposed that elections orbit the nucleus at specific energy levels, When e- is excited it jumps and absorbs energy when it returns to ground state it releases the energy as light

Electron Shells

primary E level occupied by e-, each shell can only have a certain amount of e-, the farther the e- is from the nucleus, the higher the energy

Quantum Mech. model

current model, views electrons within an atom as waves, not as particles as previously believed

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

The exact position and speed of an electron cannot be simultaneously determined

Atomic Orbitals

region of space where e-s of a certain E are found

what shape are s-subshell

spherical (1 per level)

what shape are p-subshells

dumbell (3 per level)

what shape are d-subshell

dif. shapes (5 per level)

what shape are f-subshells

flower (7 per level)

Aufbau principle

e-s occupy the available orbitals from lowest to highest

Pauli’s exclusion principle

a max of 2 e^-s can occupy any orbital before it’s full and they must have opposite spins

Hund’s rule

ride the bus rule

e- configuration

the full written thing

orbital notation

the arrows one

Noble gas configuration

the short one

What are Valence electrons?

e^-s in outer most principle quantum number, usually s & p orbitals and basically everything after the noble gas

why are Valence electrons important

because they are held most loosely to the nucleus and are more easily shared or lost in bonding

The octet rule

atoms react to form compounds in such a way as to but 8 e- (an octet) in the valence shell (not including H and He)

Lewis e- dot notation

mark s and p orbitals using dots

which color has the longest wave length?

red

which color has the lowest energy?

red

which color has the shortest wave length?

violet