Cervical/Lumbar Spine

erector spinae group

Uni: laterally flex vertebral column to same side
Bi: extend vertebral column

quadratus lumborum

Uni: laterally tilt pelvis, laterally flex vertebral column to same side
Bi: fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation, extend vertebral column

rectus abdominis

flex vertebral column, tilt pelvis posteriorly

internal obliques

Uni: laterally flex vertebral column to same side, rotate vertebral column to same side
Bi: flex vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

external obliques

Uni: laterally flex vertebral column to same side, rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bi: flex vertebral column, compress abdominal contents

transverse abdominis

compress abdominal wall

rhomboid major & minor

adduct scapula, elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula

external intercostals

inhalation

internal intercostals

assist with forced exhalation

scalenes

Unilateral: laterally flex neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side
Bilateral: elevate ribs during inhalation, flex the neck

sternocleidomastoid

Uni: laterally flex neck to same side, rotate neck to opposite side
Bi: flex the neck, elevate rib cage during inhalation

trapezius

upper fibers: extend neck, laterally flex neck to same side, rotate neck to opposite side, elevate scapula, upwardly rotate scapula
middle fibers: abduct scapula, stabilize scapula
lower fibers: depress scapula, upwardly rotate scapula

splenius capitus

Uni: rotate neck to same side, laterally flex neck
Bi: extend neck

levator scapulae

uni: elevate scapula, downwardly rotate scapula, laterally flex neck, rotate neck
bi: extend neck

masseter

elevate the mandible (TMJ), protract the mandible (TM)

temporalis

elevate the mandible (TMJ), retract the mandible (TM)