Second Psych test (9-11)

Agonist

Speed up neural impulse

Fast lane!

Antagonist

Blocks neural impulse

Slow ride, take it easy!

Dendrites on neuron

At top by nucleus, spindly bits

Receive messages (listen)

Axon/myelin sheath on neuron

The long stem, sheath is cylinders on top

Axons pass messages (speak)

Myelin helps speed neural impulses

Terminal buttons on neuron

End spindly bits on bottom of neuron

Form junction w other cells

ACH

Movement, (memory, learning)

Dopamine

Happy, reward

Serotonin

Regulate mood (body temp, appetite)

Norepinephrine

Alertness (fight flight, focus, regulate sleep cycle)

GABA

Clam, relaxed (inhibit brain signals)

Glutamate

Brain food, function (memory)

Endorphins

Pain killer, (adrenalin)

All or none response

More stimulation does not = more intense transmission

Neural firing at full response or none at all

Must surpass the action potential threshold

Bundled axons

Many neurons form cables to connect nervous system muscles, glands, and sense organs

Sensory nerves

Afferent (incoming info)

Carry in info from sense organs to CNS

Motor nerves

Efferent (leaving information)

Carry message from CNS to muscles & glands

Interneurons

Info process between motor and sensory

Spinal cord & brian

Complexity (billions, unlike the million sensory)

what two branches come from the nervous system

Peripheral & central

What two branches come from peripheral

Autonomic and somatic

What two branches comes from autonomic

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

What two branches comes from somatic

Sensory input and motor output

CNS

Brain and spinal cord

Makes decisions- coordinate messages

PNS (peripheral)

Sensory and motor neurons

Connects body to CNS by gathering info from senses and transmitting messages from CNS

Somatic

Controls body’s skeletal muscles

Autonomic

Controls glands and muscles of internal organs (heart is automatic)

Sympathetic

Arousing, fight flight

Gas pedal of car, increase heartbeat/bp, slow digestion, cools body

Spinal cord function

2 way connection between PNS and brain

Oversees sensory and motor pathways of reflexes

Endocrine system

Secrete hormones

“Slow” chemical communication system

Can outlast nervous system (endocrine hangover)

Parasympathetic

Calms body, brake pedal

Rest or digest, slow heartbeat

Adrenal glands

Release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) when sympathetic nervous system is activated in fight flight

Pituitary gland

Directed by hypothalamus to regulate growth and control other endocrine glands

EEG (electroencephalogram)

Records electrical activity waves across brain surface

MEG (magentencephalography)

Measure magnetic fields with images

CT (CAT) (Computed Tomography)

X-Ray photographs shows structural damage

PET (positron emission tomography)

Display activity detecting where radioactive glucose goes when brain preforms task

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Magnetic fields and radio waves to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions

FMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Measures blood flow in brain by comparing successive MRI scans, shows damage

3 that show brain structure

CT(CAT), MRI, fMRI

4 that show brain function

EEG, MEG, PET, fMRI

Medulla

Bottom of brainstem, heartbeat and breathing

Pons

Above medulla on brain stem, control sleep and coordinates movements

Reticular formation (brainstem)

Middle section, controls arousal, multitasking

Thalamus

Top of brainstem, relay station for incoming/outgoing sensory info

Cerebellum

Coordinate movement and balance, nonverbal learning & memory “little brain”

Amygdala

Bulb above brain stem (purple)

Emotion, fear, and aggression

Hypothalamus

Left of amygdala (green), small

Directs eating, drinking, and body temp, govern endocrine system, homeostasis

Hippocampus

Wrapping around inner brain (blue)

Process for storage and explicit memories of facts and events