5.2.2(The structure of the liver)

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8 Terms

1
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Describe the role of the liver

  • It is a key metabolic and excretory organ which removes excess and unwanted substances from the blood

  • It also has a high enzyme activity which releases energy in the form of heat, which heats the blood

2
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Explain why the liver needs lots of blood

  • This is because the liver has a high metabolic rate

  • And therefore needs a large supply of oxygen for aerobic respiration to produce lots of ATP

3
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State the vessels which allow the flow of blood to and from the liver

  • The liver has 4 main vessels which connect to the liver:

    • Hepatic artery

    • Hepatic portal vein

    • Hepatic vein

    • Bile duct

4
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State the role of the hepatic artery and vein

  • The hepatic artery - Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver

  • The hepatic vein - Carried blood away from the liver

5
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Describe and explain the role of the hepatic portal vein

  • The hepatic portal vein carried deoxygenated blood from the digestive system to the liver

  • This is because blood from the digestive system contains products from digestion such as amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids and glycerol. These products are processes by the liver

  • Toxic compounds such as ethanol, that may have also been absorbed will be removed from the blood before it re-joins circulation

6
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Describe the role of the bile duct

  • The bile duct carries bile from the liver to the gall bladder, where it is stored until required to aid digestion

7
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Describe in detail the structure of the liver and the flow of blood and bile in the liver

  • The hepatic portal vein and artery branch and enter the lobules from interlobular vessels

  • Blood from both vessels mixes in the sinusoid

  • These chambers are lined with liver cells, hepatocytes, that remove unwanted substance from the blood and return those that are needs

  • Within the sinusoid, Kupffer cells help break down old red blood cells. Haemoglobin is broken into bilirubin, of the pigments in bile

  • Bile, made in the hepatocytes, is passed through the bile canaliculi, via the bile duct, to the gall bladder

  • When the blood reaches the end of the sinusoid, it flows into a branch of the hepatic vein

<ul><li><p>The hepatic portal vein and artery branch and enter the lobules from interlobular vessels</p></li><li><p>Blood from both vessels mixes in the sinusoid</p></li><li><p>These chambers are lined with liver cells, hepatocytes, that remove unwanted substance from the blood and return those that are needs</p></li><li><p>Within the sinusoid, Kupffer cells help break down old red blood cells. Haemoglobin is broken into bilirubin, of the pigments in bile</p></li><li><p>Bile, made in the hepatocytes, is passed through the bile canaliculi, via the bile duct, to the gall bladder</p></li><li><p>When the blood reaches the end of the sinusoid, it flows into a branch of the hepatic vein</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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label the liver