Social Problems Ch. 14

Schooling

formal instruction carried out by specially trained teachers

Literacy

the ability to read and write

Functional Illiteracy

the inability to read and write or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out basic responsibilities

Tracking

the policy of assigning students to different educational programs

Self-fulfilling prophecy

a situation in which people who are defined in a certain way eventually think and act as if the definition were true

English immersion

the policy of teaching non-English speakers English

Bilingual education

the policy of offering most classes in a students native language, while also teaching them English

Mainstreaming

Integrating children with intellectual or physical disabilities into the overall educational program

Special education

schooling children with physical or mental disabilities in separate classes with specially trained teachers

Charter schools

public schools that are given the freedom to try out new policies and programs

Magnet schools

public schools that offer special facilities and programs that offer special facilities and programs in pursuit of academic excellence

School voucher programs

a program that provides parents with funds they can use at a public school or private school of their choice

Late 1800’s

Illiteracy is defined as a social problem

1900

States were building more public schools + requiring children to attend school most of the year

1918

every state had enacted a mandatory education law requiring children to attend school until they were 16 or until they had completed eighth grade

1865

Slavery abolished

1896

Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal”

1954

Brown v. Board of Education, overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, ending segregated schools

1960’s

bussing policy, transporting black or white children to school via bus

1997

Vermont enacted Act 60, equalizes funding on students

1972

Title IX passed banning discrimination based on sex in education

1923

Meyer v. State of Nebraska, English-only laws are unconstitutional

1974

Lau v. Nichols, all students have the right to be taught in a language they can understand

1988

Proposition 227 passed in California banning the bilingual approach in favor of the english immersion approach

2014

Proposition 227 appealed

1975

Education for All Handicapped Children Act passed by congress

2002

President Bush signed “No Child Left Behind”

2015

President Obama signed “Every Student Succeeds Act”

2010

Common Core State Standards