Chapter 14- Mendel and the Gene

Heredity

________ is the inheritance or the transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

Particulate inheritance

________ is that the hereditary determinants for traits do not blend together or become modified through use.

Polygenic

________ is where each of many different genes adds a small amount to the value of the trait.

unusual phenotype

An individual with a(n) ________ due to a mutation is referred to as a mutant.

model organism

A(n) ________ is a species that is used for research because it is easy to work with and conclusions drawn from studying it may apply to many other species.

Environmental effects

________ are anything that influences phenotypes other than the genotype, including temperature, sunlight, nutrient availability, competition, and even a mothers hormone levels during development of an embryo.

molecular level

Phenotype can be any observable characteristic, from ________ aits such as protein shape to the familiar aits of entire organisms at Mendel studied.

Trait

Any observable characteristic of an individual, ranging from outward appearance such as height to molecular characteristics such as the prima structure of a particular membrane protein.

Self fertilization

________ occurs when a flower's pollen falls on the female reproductive organ of that same flower.

interaction

When two or more genes influence a single trait, it is called gene ________.

Epistasis

________ occurs when the expression of a phenotype associated with a particular genotype of one gene can be completely masked by a particular genotype of a different gene.

Hybrids

________ are offspring from matings between true breeding parents that differ in one or more traits.

genetic map

A(n) ________ is a diagram showing the relative positions (loci) of genes along a particular chromosome.

Mutation

________ is a heritable change in a gene.

Heterozygous individuals

________ who do not have an inherited disease but carry a recessive allele for it are called carriers of the disease.

gene

A(n) ________ on the Y chromosome is a Y- linked ________.

X chromosome

A gene on the ________ is now described as an X- linked gene.

Polymorphic trait

Whenever a trait appears commonly in two or more different forms, for example purple or white flowers, it is called a

Pure line

consists of individuals that produce offspring identical to the parents when they are crossed to another member of the same pure-line population or are self-fertilized.

Phenotype

can be any observable characteristic, from molecular-level aits such as protein shape to the familiar aits of entire organisms at Mendel studied.