Spheres + Spheroids

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11 Terms

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Sphere

  • Every point on its surface is the same distance away from the centre. The radius is constant.

2
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Spheroid

  • Sphere that is squashed or stretched along one axis

  • Oblate - squashed along an axis, wide, flat pebble

  • Prolate - stretched along an axis, rugby ball

3
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What is the cross section of a sphere

Circle

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What is the cross section of a spheroid

Ellipse (if cut through the poles

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Polar radius

  • Distance from the centre of the spheroid to one of its poles

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Equatorial radius

  • Distance from the centre of the spheroid to a point of its equator

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Triaxial ellipsoid

  • Sphere that has been squashed or stretched along 2 of the principle axis

  • Triaxial because the diameter is different along each of the principle axes (up, across and forward)

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What shape is the Earth?

Oblate spheroid - equatorial radius is greater than polar radius, bulging in the middle, little bulge beacuse little difference of radius

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What shape is the Sun?

Oblate spheroid

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What shape is the moon?

Triaxial ellipsoid

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How to find oblateness?

f = a-b / a

f = oblateness
a = equatorial radius
b = polar radius