Weeks 8–14 GRQs on Criminology and Theories

These flashcards cover key concepts, theories, and terminologies related to criminology from weeks 8 to 14, providing definitions and explanations for important ideas discussed in the lecture.

Social Disorganization Theory

Macro-level explanations to account for variations in crime rates across communities.

Collective Efficacy

Key social mechanism in social disorganization theory involving social cohesion and mutual support.

Anomie

Term for normlessness introduced by Durkheim in 1897.

Five Adaptations by Merton

Conformity, Innovation, Rebellion, Retreatism, Ritualism.

Criminal Subcultures (Cloward & Ohlin)

Types of gangs including Criminal, Conflict, and Retreatist.

Fetishism of Money

A value orientation conducive to criminal behavior according to Messner & Rosenfeld.

False Class-Consciousness

The misidentification of class interest within a two-class system.

Radical & Critical Theories

Theories that encompass critical, radical, and postmodern perspectives on crime.

Peacemaking Criminology

A utopian vision for reforming society by eliminating violence.

Power-Control Theory

Theory that accounts for family structure and parental control in relation to crime.

Intersectionality

Framework for understanding how various forms of oppression intersect, particularly in feminist theories.

Purpose-Driven Research

Feminist research aimed at raising awareness and producing usable knowledge.

Gender Socialization

The process by which individuals learn the gender roles and behaviors expected of them.

Capatalist Society

A society characterized by self-interest, competition, and exploitation as explained by Bonger.

Racial Disparities Hypotheses

Theories regarding overrepresentation of minorities in crime and issues concerning differential scrutiny.

Marxist Theory

Rejects multigroup conflict, suggesting a power-elite model to explain crime and social relations.