chemistry Ch 3 states of matter

substance

matter with a uniform and unchanging composition

substance is also known as…

pure substance

state of matter

all matter that exists naturally on earth can be classified as one of the physical forms

what are the three forms of state of matter?

solid, liquid, gas

what is a solid?

a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume

what is liquid?

form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of the container

What is gas?

form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its contained but also fills the entire volume of its container

what is vapor?

refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid of a liquid at room temperature

What is Physical Property?

a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measures without changing the sample's composition

what are examples of physical property?

density, color, ordor, hardness, melting point, boiling point

What are the two properties in physical property?

Extensive and intensive

What is extensive property?

a property that depends on the amount of substance present

What are examples of extensive properties?

mass, length, volume

What is intensive property?

a property that is independent of the amount of substance present

what are examples of intensive property?

density

what is chemical property?

the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

What are examples of chemical property?

rusting, corrosive, flammable, combustion, reactivity, combustion

What is a physical change?

alters a substance without changing the composition

what are examples of physical change?

cutting paper, cutting hair, crumpling paper, bending, tearing, melting, freezing, boiling

what is a phase change?

a transition of matter from one state to another

What is a chemical change?

it's a chemical reaction; where new substances have a different composition and properties from the original substance

What are examples of chemical change?

cooking, digesting food

What are signs of chemical change?

change in color, change in odor, gas forms, bubbles/fizzing

what is the law of conservation of mass?

states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction

what is a mixture?

a combination of two or more pure substances

What are the two types of mixtures?

heterogeneous and homogeneous mixture

What is heterogeneous mixture?

a mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct

what are examples of heterogeneous mixture?

salad dressing, orange juice and pulp, fruit salad, milk and cereal

What is homogeneous mixture?

a mixture that has constant composition throughout: it always has a single phase

What are examples of homogeneous mixture?

ice tea, lemonade, steel

What are the ways to separate mixtures?

filtration, distillation, crystallization, sublimation, chromatography

What is filtration?

a technique that uses a porous barrier (filter paper) to separate a solid from a liquid

What is distillation?

physical separation technique that is based on difference in the boiling points of the substances involved

What is crystallization?

separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing dissolved substance

what is Sublimation?

the process during which a solid changes to vapor without melting

what is chromatography?

is a technique that separates the components of a mixture dissolved in either a gas or a liquid based on the ability of component to travel or to be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate

what is an element?

pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means

What is the periodic table?

organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal and vertical rows

What is a compound?

made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically

What are examples of a compound?

NaCI, NaOH, H2O

What is the law of definite proportions?

states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample

What is percent by mass?

is the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage

What is the formular for the percent by mass?

% mass of element= mass of element/total mass of compound x 100

what is the law of multiple proportions?

states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different mass of one element combine with the same fixes mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers