brain

The Adult Human Brain Contains almost what % of the body's neural tissue

97%

what does the cerebrum control?

higher mental functions

what is the cerebrum divided into?

left and right hemispheres

what does the cerebellum coordinate?

repetitive body movements and skeletal muscle activity

what is a gray cortex folded in ridges called?

folia

what is the function of the frontal lobe?

Voluntary muscle action

concentration

verbal communication

decision making

personality

what is the function of the temporal lobe?

hearing and smell

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

vision and visual memories

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

interpretation of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

what is the function of the insula?

memory and interpretation of taste

what does the central sulcus divide?

posterior frontal lobe from anterior parietal lobe

what does the lateral sulcus divide?

frontal lobe from temporal lobe

What is the corpus callosum?

bundle of nerves connecting the left and right hemispheres

what are the components of the lambic system?

Cingulate gyrus

Parahippocampal gyrus

Hippocampus

Fornix

Amygdaloid

the lambic system is involved with what memory?

long term memory

Where is the diencephalon located?

inferior to cerebrum

what does the diecephalon connect the cerbrum to?

brain stem

what are the 3 divisions of the diecephalon?

1. left thalamus

2. right thalamus

3. hypothalamus

where is the thalamus located?

inferior to the fornix

what is the function of the thalamus?

sensory relay station to the cerebrum

Where is the hypothalamus located?

anterior from the inferior edge of the thalamus

what are the 6 functions of the hypothalamus?

1.Controls the autonomic nerves

2.Regulates body temperature

3.Coordinates activities of endocrine systems

4.Controls emotions

5.Produces emotions and behavioral drives

6.Controls circadian rhythms (day-night cycles)

the pituitary gland is a major what gland?

endocrine gland

what is the pituitary gland connected to?

hypothalamus via infundibulum

what does the pituitary gland interface?

nervous and endocrine systems

what does the brain stem process information between?

spinal cord and cerebrum/cerebellum

The brain stem includes the ____________, ___________, and __________

1. midbrain

2. pons

3. medulla oblongata

Where is the midbrain located?

between pons and thalamus

what does the midbrain maintain?

involuntary muscle tone and consciousness

what is the pons?

bulge of nerve tissues

where is the pons located?

inferior to the thalamus

what 2 brain structures are connected by the pons?

cerebellum and brain stem

what does the pons regulate?

rate and depth of breathing

What is the medulla oblongata?

bundle of nerves

Where is the medulla oblongata located?

inferior to the pons

what does the medulla oblongata regulate?

1. rhythmic breathing

2. blood pressure

3. involuntary coughing

4. sneezing

5. vomiting

where is the corpa quadrigemina located

Located on the posterior edge of the midbrain region

what is the function of the superior colliculus ?

turn our heard towards a visual stimulus

what is the function of the inferior colliculus ?

turn our head towards an auditory stimulus

Where is the pineal gland located?

superior to the corpora quadrigemina

what is the function of the pineal gland?

Secretes melatonin, which regulates the circadian rhythms

Where is the mammillary body located?

posterior edge of the hypothalamus

what is the function of the mammillary body?

feeding reflexes of licking, swallowing, and chewing

what does each cerebral hemisphere contain?

a large ventricle that is separated by a thin medial partition

what is a thin medial partition?

septum pellucidum

Where is the 3rd ventricle located?

a cavity between the thalamus

what communicates with the 3rd ventricle?

lateral ventricles

Where is the 4th ventricle located?

between the pons and cerebellum

what does the 4th ventricle connect with?

3rd ventricle

where is the cerebral nuclei located?

embedded in the cerebrum

what is the function of the cerebral nuclei?

direct subconscious activities

the cerebral nuclei contains what?

1. Caudate nucleus

2.Putamen

3.Globus pallidus

4.Amygdaloid body

What is the substantia nigra?

mass of nerves

where is the substantia nigra located?

superior to the edge of the pons

what is the physical protection of the brain?

•Bones of the cranium

•Cranial meninges

•Cerebrospinal fluid

how many layers does the cranial meninges have?

3 layers

what are the 3 layers of the meninges layer?

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pita mater

what is the function of the cranial meninges?

protect the brain from cranial trauma

what is subdural?

serous fluid