Nature (except architecture)

Hokusai full title and date

The great wave, 1831

Western art techniques for realism that Hokusai did not use

blending, fine brushstrokes, detail, chiaroscuro and perspective (linear & aerial)

why did Europe want realism (Hokusai)

no photography

in Japanese culture there was less…

patronage

why woodblock prints

cheap, able to mass produce work for souvenirs

qualities of Japanese woodblock prints

flat colours, no perspective, no chiaroscuro, outline of shape, simplified form, includes title on surface of print

what era was great wave part of

edo period (1603-1867)

what genre of print is great wave

ukiyo-e

great wave is…

sublime

the wave is exaggerated and therefore…

stylised

the use of line (great wave)…

creates an understanding of texture

layering of forms (Hokusai)…

changes perception of space

(great wave) there is a sense of…

danger (boat is about to sink) movement (creates emotion and emphasises danger)

what else creates a sense of space (great wave)

change in scale - the wave is larger than mt fuji

in great wave water droplets add..

atmosphere

lines on the boat (Hokusai)…

show textural differences

different tones in great wave…

create illusion of depth of waves

the wave is destructive…

which reflects mt fuji. it is a symbol of stability.

the great wave is part of hokusais series…

36 views of mt fuji

other than stability what can mt fuji be a symbol of and why

instability and uncertainty because it’s so far away from perspective of fisherman

what kind of blue did Hokusai use

Prussian blue from Germany - first to use the longer lasting pigment

the wave shows what about the changing of Japan under shogun

a protective barrier but also the beginnings of the opening of Japan (Prussian blue) as under shogun Japanese people weren’t allowed out and the west was not allowed in

who changed trade with Japan

Matthew Perry sealed in a new economic policy for Japan

what impact did the great wave have on western art

monet had approx 500 prints, influenced japonisme

nature themes

powerful, sublime, beautiful, awe, inspiring, dominance over man, full of movement

slave ship full title, artist and date

The Slave Ship by JMW Turner, 1839

where is the eye initially drawn (slave ship)

orange sunset

what is the subject of the painting (slave ship)

the ship

what book inspired the slave ship

the history and abolition of the slave trade by Clarkson

what specific event inspired the slave ship

the Zhong massacre

when was slavery abolished in Britain

1853

why was the slave ship painted

for anti slavery conference

what did John ruskin say about the slave ship

the noblest sea that turner has ever painted, dedicated to the most sublime of subjects and impressions

what did the press say to ridicule turner about slave ship

a passionate extravagance of marigold sky and pomegranate sea

tell me about the Zhong massacre

set sail from Ghana with 442 enslaved. 62 slaves and 7 owners died before reaching destination. 18 months long. disease was spreading. fresh water running dangerously low. slaves that died of disease aren’t covered by insurance, slaves that drowned were. 133 slaves thrown over

what red signify (slave ship)

danger

what grey show (slave ship)

rainy, gloomy

the ship is… (slave ship)

insignificant

the waves are sinking the ship (slave ship) therefore…

nature is winning - powerful and dangerous

what part of slave ship shows the beauty of nature

sunset

what acts as a framing device, leading us to the sunset (slave ship)

limbs and chains in water which also confirm that the ship is sinking

what reflects a lack of control/uncertainty (slave ship)

no horizon line

how do the brushstrokes reflect the subject matter (slave ship)

impasto - aggressive. surface of painting is stormy and turbulent like the event

what is in the bottom right corner and what does is tell us about nature (slave ship)

sea monster. scene of destruction of man at the mercy of nature

this scene shows that… (slave ship)

death doesn’t discriminate between the sinners and the saints

this scene is not

georgic. nature is in control of man, not the other way around

the slave ship depicts what

the sublime

quote about the sublime

that which has the power to compel and destroy us - Edmund burke 1757

how does the Industrial Revolution impact the slave ship

brighter colours, belief that nature always wins (WE ARE POLLUTING THE WORD! WOE IS ME! - turners inner monologue)

rain steam and speed artist and date

JMW Turner, 1844

gimme the train timeline innit

1806 - first steam train

1830s - first passenger train

1844 - 2000 railways in Britain

1848 - 5000 railways in Britain

rain steam and speed is of what

the maidenhead viaduct built by Brunel

what did turner have in the GWR

shares

where and when was rain steam and speed exhibited

1844 at the royal academy

what did critics say about rain steam and speed

Thachery: he has made a picture with real rain

constable: it was made with tinted steam

what is the background of rain steam and speed

taylors road bridge - old (horse and carriage)

what is below Taylors road bridge

boat = old mode of transport. highlights idea of transport and motion

describe the brushstrokes on rain steam and speed

expressive, textured, impasto

what do the orthogonal lines do in rain steam and speed

create linear perspective

train =

new mode of transport

blurry (rain steam and speed) =

speed, movement, aerial perspective

trains are like animals =

feed it. noise

where is the train coming from

nowhere, hammering down the tracks

what might have men thought when they saw rain steam and speed (about women)

train would make them hysterical

there is no clear horizon line in rain, steam and speed but…

colours get cooler as we move back

what is behind the train on the right

horse and plough - reminder of rural England + old

what is in front of the train and what does it mean

hare. man v nature (man is dominant and destroys nature). reinforces danger associated with trains and speed. hare is small and cute, making us more sympathetic

In what way is the danger of trains shown

in a sublime way

frog pond full title artist and date

La Grenouillère by Claude monet, 1869

what invention helped lead to impressionism

portable, metal paint tubes

how did the impressionists paint

en plein air - quick to capture the light and likely moving forms therefore less detailed and form dissolves

where would the canvas be (impressionism)

on a portable easel

the paint used in impressionism was…

bright due to invention of new pigments

lots of…in impressionism

impasto

aim of impressionism

paint the world around. beaudelaire ‘the painter of modern life

frog pond and impressionism is not objective but …

subjective

in frog pond, there’s no drama or …

story

what lead to invention of square-ended brush

ferrule

monet is a…

flaneur (observing)

what is the river in frog pond

the seine

in the bottom left corner of frog pond the boat is…

chopped off showing that the composition hasn’t been rearranged

what is unusual about the colour of the water in frog pond

it is not blue but rather has spots of green and brown showing that Monet paints an unidealised version of what he sees

where in frog pond can you see the use of a square ended brush

the river

the centre of frog pond is called the

camembert

2nd monet full title and date

impression - sunrise, 1872

the orange is complimentary to what predominant colours in impression sunrise

greys and blues. chevreul's colour wheel was also a new discovery at the time

what is the setting of impression sunrise

la harre in france. industrial area where Monet grew up

what of nature is depicted

the drama

what does it depict rather than leisure

work

the people in impression sunrise are…

sillouhettes

specifically where has Monet used impasto in impression sunrise

light on the water form sun

what painting advice did Monet give (good quote weeeeee)

paint it just as it looks to you […] until it gives you your own naive impression of the scene before you

how did turner effectively paint water and air in rain steam and speed (elements)

impasto paint and glaze

what in rain steam and speed tells us about the weather (elements)

lack of definition

what happens when its raining that turner has depicted in rain steam and speed (elements)

grey light, blurry horizon line

turner stuck his head out of the window to experience the wind/rain on his face which allowed him to…

vividly depict the elements

which elements does tame buzzard line depict

earth and air

tame buzzard line artist and date

Richard long, 2001

what significant thing happened in 2001

9/11

tame buzzard line follows…

the flight of a buzzard he saw from one tree to another