Biology plant nutrition and transport.

photosynthesis

This is the process where plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

photosynthesis( chemical equation )

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Where does photosynthesis occur

Chloroplast (what reaction needs this)

What is needed for photosynthesis(inside the plant)

chlorophyll (what reaction needs this)

What type of reaction is photosynthesis

endothermic (what plant reaction is this)

What is glucose used for in plants (3 things)

For cellular respiration ,making starch and make amino acids by combining nutrients

Why is starch a useful long term storage molecule

Because its very compact ,easily broken down into glucose and is insoluble

Factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis (3 things)

carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and light intensity

Relationship between rate of photosynthesis and carbon dioxide/light intensity.

As light intensity/carbon dioxide increases so does the rate of photosynthesis until it reaches the limit where it will flat line which means the rate of photosynthesis can’t increase anymore.

Relationship between rate of photosynthesis and temperature.

As the temperature increases so does the rate of photosynthesis however this has a limit and if reached the rate of photosynthesis will decrease and eventually reach zero due to the enzymes being denatured.

Waxy cuticle

The top part of leaf designed to prevent water loss due to evaporation

Upper epidermis

It is transparent as it doesn’t contain any chloroplasts to let light reach the palisade mesophyll and also acts as a barrier from pathogens.

Palisade mesophyll layer

The layer where all the palisade cells are located and where photosynthesis occurs.

spongy mesophyll layer

The layer where carbon dioxide enters and oxygen leaves which is used for photosynthesis.

lower epidermis

layer before stomata.

guard cells

The cells responsible for letting oxygen and carbon dioxide in by controlling the opening and closing of the stomata.

stomata

The open space between guard cells

Why is magnesium needed in plants

Magnesium is needed because it is required to produce chlorophyll which is essential for photosynthesis.

What does a magnesium deficiency look like

It causes the leaves of a plant to turn yellow and the growth may also be stunted due to inefficient amounts of sugars as the plant cant photosynthesis properly.

Why nitrate needed in plants

Nitrate is required to make amino acids which is needed to make proteins for cellular growth.

What does a nitrate deficiency look like

it causes the leaves of a plant to turn yellow and leads to stunted growth due to inefficient protein which is required for growth of the plant.

Transpiration

The evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant.

Translocation

Is the movement of dissolved sugars up or down a phloem.

The four factors that affect the rate of transpiration

wind speed, light intensity, humidity and temperature.

What does the xylem transport

It transports water and dissolved mineral ions

What does the phloem transport

it transport sugars and cell sap which is a mixture of water and sugar.

What are sinks

Sinks are organs that use sugars or cell sap.

What are sources

Sources are organs that release sugars and cell sap for other organs.

What is lignin

Lignin is the substance on the outer part of the xylem required to strengthen and harden the xylem.

Why does the phloem have pores

The phloem has pores so it is able to control the direction of translocation stream(up or down)

Companion cells

The cells that give the phloem the energy to transport cell sap(sugars) and amino acids.