Endocrine System

What is the Hypothalamus?

The master gland and what controls the pituitary gland releases

Pituitary

Attached to the hypothalamus and has 2 lobes: anterior & posterior

ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMOMES

Order of upcoming slides:

• Function

• Location

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

located in Anterior Pituitary

• Stimulates body growth through insulin like growth factors

• Cartilage, bone, skeletal, muscle, liver, and other body tissue

Prolactin (PRL)

located in Anterior Pituitary

• initiates and maintains milk production by the mammary glands

• Mammary Gland

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

located in Anterior Pituitary

• regulates thyroid gland activities

• Thyroid gland

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing hormone (LH)

located in Anterior Pituitary

regulates activities of the gonads (ovaries and testes)

FSH

located in Anterior Pituitary

• Stimulates follicle production (and estrogen release) in the ovaries and sperm production in testes

• testes & ovaries

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

located in Anterior Pituitary

• regulates activities of the adrenal cortex (specifically cortisol release during stress response)

• adrenal cortex

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

located in Anterior Pituitary

• excessive amount of MSH causes darkening of the skin

• skin

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

flip

**does not produce any of the hormones.  They are produced by the hypothalamus and are secreted by the posterior pituitary.**

Same format as before

Oxytocin

located in the posterior pituitary

• secretion is stimulated by uterine stretching and by suckling during nursing

• uterus and mammary glands

ADH(antidiuretic hormone)

located in the posterior pituitary

• secretion is controlled by the osmotic pressure of the blood and blood volume

• kidneys

THYROID GLAND

butterfly-shaped and is located just below the larynx (voice box). It is composed of right and left lobes, one on either side of the trachea. 

Thyroid Hormones

located in the thyroid

• thyroxine (T₄) and triiodothyronine (T₃)

• Secreted from the follicular cells of the thyroid follicle.

• regulate oxygen use and metabolic rate, cellular metabolism, and growth and development. 

• Secretion is controlled by TRH (thyroid releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) from the anterior pituitary.

Calcitonin

located in the thyroid

• Released by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid follicle

• Release is controlled by the blood calcium levels

• Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast (bone cells) break down.

• osteoclast cells in bones