P2-OD-EXTRAORAL DIAGNOSIS PPT

parkinson's disease

a degenerative disorder of the CNS characterized by uncontrolled movements and progresses to motor function impairments and cognitive dysfunction

body rigidity

short dragging footsteps

trembling hands

what are the 3 classic signs of parkinson's disease?

1. trouble opening the mouth during procedures

2. difficulty with performing oral hygiene and self-care

what challenges with parkinson's disease are of dental significance?

impairment of the joints contribute to ineffective oral hygiene

what is the significance of arthritis patients in dentistry concerning the impairment of the joints?

cerebrovascular accident/stroke

occurs when there is a disrup tion in the blood supply and oxygen deprivation to a portion of the brain, causing the death of some brain cells.

blood clot or thrombus

what is the immediate cause of a CVA/stroke?

1. aphonia

2. dysphonia

3. hemiplegia

in the dental setting, what are the 3 manifestations of stroke patients?

aphonia

loss of voice

dysphonia

difficulty speaking

hemiplegia

paralysis of one side of the body

essential/primary/idiopathic

when hypertension has no known cause, how is it identified as?

left ventricular hypertrophy

aortic stenosis

conduction defects

the presence of hypertension indicates what 3 cardiovascular conditions?

arrythmia

irregular heart beat

sudden cardiac arrest

what can severe arrhythmia result in?

torsade de pointe

a severe ventricular fibrillation

arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis

a patient presents with swollen and inflamed joints, what is the condition?

either:

1. hereditary bleeding disorder

2. signs of trauma or abuse

when a patient presents with bruises (ecchymoses), what may be indicated from this?

splinter hemorrhages

are dots or vertical streaks of hemor rhages under the nails

nail psoriasis, endocarditis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

what are systemic conditions that can cause splinter hemorrhages?

aspirin and warfarin

what medications can cause splinter hemorrhage?

Pitting edema

accumulation of fluid in the lower limb tissues

congestive heart failure

liver cirrhosis

kidney failure

pitting edema is indicative of what conditions?

nevi

dark/brown macules or papules that occur on the head and neck, and are the most common benign tumors of the skin

seborrheic keratosis

The lesions vary in size but are usually less than 1 cm in diameter and have a velvety to finely verrucous surface, and appear as light-dark brown, flat or elevated skin lesions on older poeple

solar keratosis

skin appears scaly and rough, red and elevated, due to sun damage. it occurs in older individuals with lighter complexion

solar cheilosis

it is solar keratosis of the lower lip appearing vermillion with indistinc mucocutaneous borders

basal cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

true

true/false

basal cell carcinoma rarely metastasize

squamous cell carcinoma

a malignant neoplasm of epidermal or epithelial origin, has potential for distant metastasis; often characterized with hyperkeratotic crusting and ulceration

melanoma

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes in the basale

excessive sunlight exposure

what is a risk factor for melanoma?

urticuria

transient skin condition characterized by red or white bumps on the skin with intense itching

IgE mediated allergic reaction to food and drugs

what immunoglobulin is the most common cause of urticaria?

it is due to an autoimmune disorder

urticaria is transient, but what does it indicate if it is constantly recurring every months or years?

angioedema

it is a localized swelling of the superficial dermis, and is wider and has deeper involvement than hives

contact dermatitis

is a T cell-mediated delayed hypersensi tivity reaction in which an antigen comes into contact with the skin

pruritic erythema, vesicles, and bullae will form followed by a crust which heals in 3 weeks

in contact dermatitis, what happens within the first 24-48 hours of the initial allergic contact?

poison ivy

nickel

fragrances

what are common causes of contact dermatitis?

acrylic or metals

in the dental setting, patient allergies to what materials will cause contact dermatitis?

neomycin and lidocaine

which medicaments are most often reported to cause contact dermatitis?

herpes zoster

a skin eruption spreading in a beltlike pattern and is a recurrent episode of latent varicella zoster virus infection

its distribution is localized along one or more sensory nerves

describe the distribution of varicella lesions

trigeminal nerve

what cranial nerve is affected by varicella if it occurs in the head region?

hypo/hyperthyroidism

what is goiter associated with?

hashimoto thyroiditis

grave's disease

what autoimmune diseases are associated with goiter/thyroid enlargement?

iodine deficiency

what nutrient deficiency can cause goiter?

lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

carotid artherosclerosis

characterized by formation of atheromas or plaques in the vessel wall consisting of necrotic cells, lipids, and cholesterol crystals

coronary and carotid arteries

Which arteries does arteriosclerosis most often affect?

cleft lip and palate

defects that arise during gestation as a result of improper merging of soft tissues and/or bones

cleft lip

results from the failure of the medial nasal and maxillary processes to fuse

cleft palate

result from the incomplete union of the palatine processes of the right and left maxillary bones and, in some cases, may also involve the nasal septum

VAMP

1. von recklinghausen's disease (multiple neurofibromatosis)

2. addison's disease

3. mccune-albright syndrome (bc of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia)

4. peutz-jeghers syndrome

others:

5. heavy metal ingestion

6. pregnancy

7. medication

diagnosis for generalized pigmented lesions associated with systemic findings

nevus

freckles

diagnosis for solitary non-palpable pigmented lesions

hematoma

hemangioma

malignant melanoma

diagnosis for solitary palpable pigmented lesions

hereditary

racial group

diagnosis for generalized pigmented lesions without systemic findings

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles caused by blockage of acetylcholine receptors

multiple sclerosis

A chronic disease of the central nervous system marked by damage to the myelin sheath. Plaques occur in the brain and spinal cord causing tremor, weakness, incoordination, mood changes, and disturbances in vision and speech

hyperthyroidism

a disease wherein its symptoms include: bulging eyes, fine straight hair, facial flushing, and spoon-shaped nails

corticosteroids

what is the treatment for multiple sclerosis

hydrocortisone

what is the treatment for myasthenia gravis

chondroitin

glucosamine

collagen

what is the treatment for osteoporosis

steroids

immunosuppressants

what is the treatment for rheumatoid arthritis

heart attack

stroke

chronic kidney disease

hypertension is a risk for what 3 conditions?

osteoarthritis

joint inflammation characterized by:

- asymmetrical

- loss of cartilage

- bone-bone trauma

- degenerative

Osteoarthritis

joint inflammation with stiffness lasting <30 minutes

rheumatoid arthritis

joint inflammation characterized by:

- symmetrical

- inflamed membrane

- erosion of bone

- autoimmune

Rheumatoid arthritis

joint inflammation characterized with stiffness lasting >30 minutes

gout (podagra, hyperuricemia)

collection of uric acid crystals in joints with a burning onset

uricosurics

what is the treatment for gout

myasthenia gravis

multiple sclerosis

huntington disease

muscular dystrophy

idiopathic inflammatory myositis

examples of neuromuscular disorders

neuromuscular disorder

it is a group of disease related to either muscles, nerves or both that result in impaired movement and with some condition sensor or other neurologic dysfunction

emotional stress

Temperature

Sun exposure

they have also been linked as a cause episode episodes of hives

angioedema

A wider and deeper portion of the dermis and sub dermis resulting in swelling over a larger area