ATI study set 3

Q: What medications are used for alcohol withdrawal?

A: Benzodiazepines such as Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, and Lorazepam.

Q: What are adjunct medications used with benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal?

A: Clonidine, Propranolol, and Carbamazepine.

Q: What medication causes illness if alcohol is consumed?

A: Disulfiram.

Q: What medication suppresses cravings for alcohol?

A: Naltrexone.

Q: What medication is used for opioid dependence?

Methadone.

Q: What medications help with nicotine withdrawal?

A: Bupropion, Nicotine replacement therapy, and Varenicline.

Q: What is the antidote for cholinesterase inhibitor toxicity?

A: Atropine.

Q: What are cholinesterase inhibitors used for?

A: Myasthenia gravis and reversal of neuromuscular blockade.

Q: What are symptoms of cholinergic crisis?

A: Increased salivation, diarrhea, bradycardia, and respiratory depression.

Q: What is the mechanism of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A: Increases dopamine in the brain to reduce Parkinson’s symptoms.

Q: What should be limited when taking Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A: Protein intake (reduces absorption).

Q: What are adverse effects of Levodopa/Carbidopa?

A: Nausea, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, psychosis.

Q: What is Phenytoin used for?

A: Seizure disorders.

Q: What are side effects of Phenytoin?

A: Gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, ataxia, skin rash.

Q: What should be monitored with Phenytoin therapy?

A: Serum levels and oral hygiene.

Q: What are adverse effects of Carbamazepine?

A: Blood dyscrasias, rash, and SIADH (fluid retention).

Q: What are complications of Valproic Acid?

A: Hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia.

Q: What are the two types of glaucoma?

A: Open-angle and angle-closure (narrow-angle).

Q: What medication is used for glaucoma to reduce IOP?

A: Timolol (beta-blocker).

Q: What systemic effects can Timolol cause?

A: Bradycardia and bronchoconstriction.

Q: What carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is used for glaucoma?

A: Acetazolamide.

Q: What are side effects of Acetazolamide?

A: GI upset and electrolyte depletion.

Q: What is used to treat otitis externa?

A: Ciprofloxacin plus hydrocortisone ear drops.

Q: What is the correct position after ear drop administration?

A: Lie on side for 5 minutes and keep ear upward.

Q: What medication class causes muscle paralysis during surgery?

A: Neuromuscular blocking agents (Succinylcholine, Pancuronium).

Q: What is malignant hyperthermia and its treatment?

A: Muscle rigidity and high temperature; treat with Dantrolene and cooling measures.

Q: What are muscle relaxants used for spasticity?

A: Baclofen and Dantrolene.

Q: What are complications of Baclofen?

A: Nausea and constipation.

Q: What are complications of Dantrolene?

A: Hepatotoxicity and muscle weakness.

Q: What is the use of Bethanechol?

A: Treat non-obstructive urinary retention.

Q: What are complications of Bethanechol?

A: Bradycardia and hypotension.

Q: What is Oxybutynin used for?

A: Overactive bladder.

Q: What are complications of Oxybutynin?

A: Anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth and constipation.

Q: What is Zolpidem used for?

A: Insomnia.

Q: What are side effects of Zolpidem?

A: Daytime sleepiness and dizziness.

Q: What is Propofol used for?

A: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia.

Q: How long is Propofol good for once opened?

A: 6 hours.

Q: What should be monitored with Propofol?

A: Signs of infection and respiratory depression.