Intro to Communication Sciences and Disorders

What is communication?

Sharing information between two people; the process in which a message is sent and received.

What are some ways we communicate?

Speech, writing, art, music, braille, morse code, dance, gestures, facial expression, vocal inflection, body language, clothing, hairstyles.

What are the four processes of communication?

Formulation, Transmission, Reception, Comprehension.

Define Formulation in communication.

Getting your thoughts together before sending a message.

Define Transmission in communication.

The actual process of sending the message.

Define Reception in communication.

Receiving the message that was sent by the sender.

Define Comprehension in communication.

Understanding the message that was received.

What are the three types of feedback in communication?

Linguistic-verbal, Non-linguistic/Extra-linguistic-nonverbal, Paralinguistic.

What is linguistic feedback?

Verbal responses such as 'Mmm hmm', 'Huh?', 'Cool', or 'Shut up!'.

What are linguistic and non-linguistic communication components?

Linguistic involves verbal feedback; non-linguistic includes gestures like nodding and maintaining eye contact.

What is language?

A universal, rule-governed code of symbols used for communication in social contexts.

What are the 4 key components of language?

Socially shared, coded, rule governed, representational tool.

What are the three domains of language?

Form, Content, Use.

Define Phonology.

The study of speech sounds (phonemes) in a language.

What is semantics?

The meaning of words and vocabulary.

What does pragmatics refer to in communication?

The ability to use language appropriately in social situations.

What is Speech?

A verbal form of communication that involves the neuromuscular process of producing sounds.

What are the three systems that make speech possible?

Respiration, Phonation, and Articulation.

What is the primary biological function of respiration?

Exchanging gases.

What are communication disorders?

Significant difficulty in the processes of communication, such as formulation, transmission, receiving, and comprehending.

What is an example of a communication disorder in adults?

Aphasia.

What distinguishes different dialects?

Regional and racial/ethnic variations that do not imply disorder.

Define dyslexia.

A reading disability characterized by impaired reading skills.

What are articulation/phonological disorders?

Speech sound errors like distortions, substitutions, and omissions.

What is a fluency disorder?

Speech that involves high rates of disfluency, such as stuttering.

What are sensorineural hearing disorders?

Hearing loss due to damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve, which cannot be reversed.

Define dysphagia.

A swallowing disorder associated with neurological problems.

What is the role of speech-language pathologists?

To assess, treat, and research disorders of communication.