Unit 7 Phys Endocrine, Pineal gland, Testes and Ovaries, NSAIDs and COX-2 Inhibitors.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)

Name of the enzyme that is induced in most cells in response to damage resulting in the synthesis of prostaglandins that promote the inflammatory response. Give the complete name and abbreviation.

Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)

Name of the enzyme that is produced constitutively (constant fashion) by most cells to make prostaglandins- especially those of the stomach, kidneys, and blood platelets. Give the complete name and abbreviation.

Melatonin

Name the hormone that promotes sleepiness and regulates our circadian rhythms (24-hour pattern in the physiological processes)

Its release is slowed when light enters the eyes.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

A type of depression that arises during the winter months when day-length is short - Thought to be due to overproduction of melatonin. Give the complete name and abbreviation for this condition.

Paracrine

__________ signals act on neighboring cells within the same organ.

True

True or False: Aspirin inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and thus the production of prostaglandins.

False

True or False: Aspirin increases prostaglandin production in blood platelets and induces blood clotting thus increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

True

True or False: Blocking COX-2 impedes the production of prostaglandins that cause the pain and swelling of inflammation.

True

True or False: Aspirin inhibit prostaglandin production in blood platelets and inhibits blood clotting thus reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Melatonin

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that arises during the winter months when day-length is short. Thought to be due to overproduction of what hormone?

Pineal gland

Name of the bean-sized structure that projects from the roof of the third ventricle (diencephalon) of the brain and functions to synthesize and secrete melatonin (usually at night).

Prostaglandins

Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is produced constitutively (constant fashion) by most cells to make _______________________- which help the cell to function normally, especially those of the stomach, kidneys, and blood platelets.

Prostaglandins

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is induced in most cells in response to damage resulting in the synthesis of _________________________ that promote the inflammatory response.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

NSAIDs are a class of drugs that reduce inflammation (pain, fever, and swelling). What does NSAIDs stand for?

Testes

Structures that produces sperm and secret testosterone which is responsible for growth and development of the male reproductive structures, muscle enlargement, growth of body hair, voice changes and the male sexual drive.

Ovaries

Structures that produce oocytes (eggs) and secrete estrogen and progesterone which are responsible for the development and function of the female reproductive structures.

- Distribution of fat, which influences the shape of the hips, breasts, and thighs.

Autocrine

_________ signals act on the same cell that produced them.

Endocrine

_________ signals (hormones) are transported through the bloodstream to act on distant cells.