N5 Graphic Communication (copy)

extrude

allows you to take a simple 2d shape and pull it out into a 3d object

revolve

Allows to revolve half of a profile/shape around a central axis, making it into a cylindrical feature.

shell

Hollows out a solid 3D model to create a shell.

dimension

adds sizes to a drawing

chamfer

used to angle corners

fillet

used to round corners

workplanes

set planes where you can draw 2d sketches that allow you to build your model from the ground up, side to side, or front to back.

true shapes

this is used to show the actual shape a surface, when it is difficult to see because of the angle of the surface or position of the surface on an orthographic drawing.

sectional drawings

Sectional views are used on drawings to show the inside details of an object more clearly than hidden detail can. They are also used on sectional assemblies to show clearly, how component parts of a product fit together.

hatching lines are always at 45°

exploded drawing

an exploded view shows the separate parts that make up an assembly. the parts are arranged in line to help identify how they would fit together.

shows how the parts should be assembled and in what order.

input devices that create digital files

scanner
handheld scanner
graphics tablet
keyboard
mouse

benefits of digital sketches

easier to modify
can be used for illustrative purposes
can be easily used for testing and/or simulation
speed of production
can be electronically shared
saves on materials
allows for remote working

contrasting colours (colour wheel)

contrasting colours occur when colours at the opposite side of the colour wheel are used together. contrasting colours are bold and create an exciting mood/feeling.

ex. red & green

harmonising colours

harmony is created when colours close to each other on the colour wheel are used together. harmony is easy on the eye and creates a feeling of peace.

ex. yellow and orange together create a warm relaxing image.

tints/shades of colour

tints and shades create greater colour options by adding white and black to colours.

• ex. adding WHITE to blue gives TINT of blue
• ex. adding BLACK to blue gives a SHADE of blue

preliminary graphics (stage 1)

• initial stages of graphic design, rough and introductory work. thumbnail sketches which are small rough sketches.

• dont take long and give an immediate representation of your work.

• allows you to develop a whole range of ideas quickly and which allows you to build on and expand your designs.

production graphics (stage 2)

• has to convey certain pieces of information which would be of use to someone like a technologist, engineer, architect, etc.

information provided:
• dimensions, moving parts, cross section, weight, material selection, etc.

forms:
• orthographic drawings, sectional views, exploded views, assembly views, perspective, isometric, sections, stepped sections & cut aways.

• drawings are usually produced on AutoCAD or other cad packages

promotional graphics (stage 3)

• used by sales and marketing departments of companies. product or design is displayed and advertised.

forms:
• posters, leaflets, flyers, displays.

effectiveness:
• must attract consumers attention and make them want to look at it.

links:
• linked with features elements and principles of desk top publishing

line

used to divide up a layout or connect other elements. varies in thickness and in colour.

shape

creative use of shape can grab a reader's attention. shape can help organise a layout. shape be organic, or abstract.

texture

physical refers to the roughness or feel of the paper being used.

visual refers to textures such as wet/water, metal, stone, etc from an image.

size

the relationship of items can be emphasised by size. the most important features are often the biggest creating dominance.

colour

the most effective element on the page. colour creates moods and excitement to engage the reader.

value

value deals with colour tones. darker colours have more value and therefore stand out more ot the reader.

mass

all items on a page have mass. a bold heading has more mass than a small heading. mass can catch the reader's attention and allow the design to ensure key features of images stand out.

balance

symmetrical/asymmetrical layout of a page. symmetry creates a formal page whereas asymmetry can create an exciting informal and unusual page.

contrast

contrasting colour and shapes can be used to make items stand out to create excitement.

dominance

items with greater emphasis stand out catching the readers eye and dominating the publication.

unity

careful positioning of items and good use of colour can make items on a page feel unified. this makes the page easier to follow and makes the whole page work as one item.

alignment

allows you to align text/graphics to the left, centre and right of a page ensuring that pages dont seem random.

whitespace

leaving areas of a layout free from text or graphics draws the reader eyes to the areas containing text and graphics. it allows the readers eyes to rest in busy layouts.

rhythm

allows a reader's eye to flow through page from beginning to end easily. this ca achieved through good use of shape layout balance alignment and colors.

typefaces

serifs: format fonts that create an elegant formal design for a publication

sanserifs: texts without flicks that are informal and normally used in modern publications or web page design.

A thick, dark continuous line

Outline.

A thin, lightly drawn coninuous line

Construction line.

A thin broken line

is used to show hidden edges.

A thin chain line (long dash, dot, long dash)

shows a centre line.

A thin double dash chain line

used to indicate a fold line on a development.

A thin chain line with thick edges

shows where an object is sectioned. It is known as a cutting plane.

Continuous thin irregular

Limits of partial or interrupted views.

Continuous thin with Zig Zags

Limits of partial or interrupted views.

Thin 45 degree

cross hatching lines show the cut surface produced by a cutting plane. Used in sectional drawings.

Indicates Radius.

Indicates Diameter.

Indicates a Square section.

The Third Angle Projection Symbol is added to drawings to explain its layout. You will
commonly see this in Orthographic drawings, showing that the drawing is laid out using an Elevation, End Elevation and Plan.