ANSC 107 Exam 2: Sheep, Goat, & Swine Industries

Why do sheep and goats do large operations in arid and semi-arid land/areas?

Internal parasites such as Haemonchus Contortus which limits production in high rainfall areas

When were there peak numbers of sheep in the U.S. (45mil)

1880-1940

When was there a steady decrease in sheep numbers due to end of World Wars, Synthetic Fibers, Decrease in consumption patterns/High cost of product, Public land issues, and Weather & Game hunting?

1950-1995

When did sheep numbers stabilize due to the Ewe lamb retention program (5-6mil)

1996-2000

When was there an increase in prices due to Ethic population and supply & demand

2001-present

When were the Angora & Spanish goats predominant?

1920-1990

When were Boer goats from South Africa introduced leading to a decrease in Mohair prices, Angora goat numbers, and in Spanish goat numbers due to cross breeding with Boer goats?

1990-2000

When did the Boer goats become predominant in Meat Production causing demand good and increase in dairy goat as niche market

2001-present

Sheep

Ovis aries

Goats

Capra hircus

What are the leading states in Sheep & Goats?

Texas (750,000)

California (570,000)

Colorado (425,000)

Wyoming (350,000)

What is the main expense in sheep and goat production

Feed costs

What feed do sheep prefer?

Forbes, grass, browse

What feed do goats prefer?

Browse, Forbes, Grass

What feed to cattle prefer?

Grass, Forbes, Browse

What is a growing problem in the sheep and goat industry? How can we help this issue?

Predators (coyote, eagle, bobcat, fox, etc)

Utilize guard animals (Dog, Llama, Jenny)

Who are the world leaders in production?

China (187,000,000)

India (75,000,000)

Australia (74,722,000)

Sudan (52,500,000)

Iran (48,750,000)

Where do range sheep and goats lamb/kid and under what conditions?

in an open range, 90-160% lamb crop, dependent on weather, feed, and predators

Sheep and goat farm flock have how many head?

25-100 head

Who has higher lamb crops, Range or Farm Flock, at 180-200% with the other at 90-160%?

Farm Flock

What diet are feedlot lambs on?

High concentration diets - 90% whole corn

What are the top 3 states in lamb feeding?

Colorado, Texas, California

When do lambs enter and exit the feedlot?

Enter at 70-90 lbs., exit at 120-150 lbs. (in feedlot for 4-10 months)

What are some major diseases in feedlot?

Overeating, Enterotocemia or Pulpy Kidney disease

Clostridium perfringens type C&D

Urinary Calculi - Ca:P ratio in feed

Are sheep or goats growing more popular?

Goats

What drives port prices?

Bacon

The swine industry has high ____?

biosecurity

What are the levels of operation in the swine industry?

seedstock → commercial → corporate

What is the gestation length of swine?

133 days

What country has the highest number of sheep & goats?

China

What are the selection traits of swine?

• short gestation

• litter bearing

• fast growth rate

• feed efficient

• carcass traits

What disease may affect free range and feral pigs?

trichinella (parasitic worm from infected meat)

African Swine Fever

originating in the Caribbean, deadly disease affecting domestic & feral swine of all ages.

Farrowing barn

thermal environment made to prevent baby pigs from being trampled by the mother, zone climate control.

What happens when a pig is born?

• shot of iron to prevent anemia

• needle teeth clipped to prevent biting

• tail is clipped

• ear is notched