AP World History Units 1-8

question and responce

What characterized the major civilizations during 1200-1450?

Major civilizations grew larger, world religions exerted significant influence, and technological innovations emerged.

What does the concept of 'state' refer to?

An organized political community under one government.

What innovations were notable in the Song Dynasty?

Gunpowder, improvements to the Grand Canal, and Champa rice.

What significant cultural revival took place during the Song Dynasty?

The revival of Confucianism and the civil service examination.

What was the outcome of the Abbasid Caliphate's decline?

Fractures due to invaders and the rise of new Muslim states.

What methods did the Vijayanagara Empire use to expand influence?

Trade expansion.

How did the Kingdom of Mali centralize power?

By building wealth in comparison to the earlier Empire of Ghana.

What system did the Aztecs implement to maintain power?

A tribute system.

What was the hierarchical structure of feudalism in Europe?

Kings at the top, followed by nobles, knights, and peasants.

How did religion contribute to state-building?

Provided a system of shared beliefs and social structures that helped consolidate power.

What role did Confucianism play in Song China?

It stabilized society and justified rulers' authority.

Which major religions expanded through missionary activity?

Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity.

What agricultural innovation increased productivity in China?

Champa rice.

How did the transfer of paper manufacturing impact Europe?

It significantly increased literacy rates.

What was the House of Wisdom in Baghdad?

A center for studies and translations.

What impact did Mongol influence have on trade?

Provided political stability and increased trade along the Silk Roads.

What were key features of the Gunpowder Empires?

Centralized power, religious tolerance, and monumental architecture.

Who led the Protestant Reformation?

Martin Luther.

What were the effects of the Spanish conquest of the Americas?

Encomienda system and resource extraction along with the spread of Catholicism.

What role did joint stock companies play during the maritime empires?

They managed trade and manufacturing interests.

What was the Colombian Exchange?

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases post-1492.

Who were key figures resisting colonization?

Queen Nanny in Jamaica and Tupac Amaru II in Peru.

What revolutions were influenced by Enlightenment ideas?

American, French, Haitian, and Latin American Revolutions.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Great Britain.

What social changes emerged from the Industrial Revolution?

Emergence of a middle class, labor movements, and social challenges.

How did WWII impact military technology?

Introduced total warfare and atomic bombs.

What were notable genocides during the 20th century?

The Holocaust, Armenian Genocide, and the Nanking Massacre.

What characterized the Cold War era?

Rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union and proxy wars.

Who were key figures in the decolonization efforts?

Gandhi in India and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana.

What technological advancements reshaped global interactions?

Innovations like the internet and fast travel.

What was the Green Revolution?

It increased agricultural productivity to support a growing population.

What social movements emerged in response to globalization?

Movements for rights and equality, like feminisms and anti-colonial activism.

What is the significance of the United Nations?

Promotes human rights and peace around the globe.

What did global interconnections focus on after colonialism?

End of colonialism and the current state of global relationships.

What technological innovations emerged in Unit 7?

Improvements in transportation and communication.

How did trade networks like the Silk Road develop?

Through major trading cities and luxury goods.

What challenges did the Sultanate of Delhi face?

Converting a large Indian society to Islam.

How did the Mongols influence culture across regions?

Facilitated the exchange of ideas and technologies.

What notable architecture was created during the Mughal Empire?

The Taj Mahal.

What were several impacts of trade on the environment?

Spread of the bubonic plague and agricultural innovations.

What was the significance of the Age of Exploration?

It led to the establishment of maritime empires and trade routes.

What did the introduction of paper to Europe signify?

A significant advancement in literacy and information dissemination.

What was a driving factor behind the capitalist economy?

The emergence of the middle class.

What agricultural practice was crucial for the Incas?

Labor systems for public service.

Which religious practices helped consolidate power in India?

Hinduism and Buddhism through the caste system.

What role did the Catholic Church play in medieval Europe?

Provided organizational unity apart from the state.

What navigational expertise was vital for Indian Ocean trade?

Knowledge of monsoons.

What was a major result of the Haitian Revolution?

The establishment of the first independent black-led republic.

Who were the main participants in the trans-Saharan trade?

Muslim traders and sub-Saharan Africans.

What forms of resistance to colonization emerged?

Negotiations and armed resistance.

What cultural exchanges occurred through the Colombian Exchange?

Sharing of plants, animals, and technologies between the Old and New Worlds.

How did the Protestant Reformation alter European politics?

It challenged the power of the Catholic Church.

What was a prominent feature of the Mamluk Sultanate's formation?

Arising from enslaved individuals.

What was the impact of the cultural exchanges facilitated by the Silk Road?

Spread of religions and ideas across regions.

What was a major consequence of the decline of feudalism?

The development of centralized monarchies.

What was a key achievement of the Abbasid Caliphate?

Cultural and scientific advancements during its height.

How did the Mongols impact trade along the Silk Road?

Provided political stability which increased trade.

What was one significant change during the Industrial Revolution?

Transition towards capitalistic economies.