DNA Replication

What is DNA Replication?

A process during cellular division where two identical molecules of DNA are created from a single molecule of DNA.

What does semiconservative mean in the context of DNA replication?

Each newly made DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

What is the sugar in RNA?

Ribose.

In comparison to DNA, what is one major structural difference of RNA?

RNA is generally single-stranded.

What nitrogenous base is found in RNA instead of thymine?

Uracil.

What does mRNA stand for, and what is its function?

Messenger RNA; made from DNA in the nucleus, it travels out of the nucleus to find a ribosome.

What does tRNA stand for, and what is its role?

Transfer RNA; it brings amino acids to the ribosomes and is found in the cytoplasm.

What does rRNA stand for and what is its significance?

Ribosomal RNA; it is part of the ribosome, where proteins are made.

How is mRNA edited before translation?

Introns are cut out, and exons are left to form the shortened piece of mRNA.

What are the three steps of Translation?

Initiation, Elongation, Termination.

What happens during the Initiation step of Translation?

An mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome; tRNA brings the proper amino acid as each codon moves through the ribosome.

What occurs during the Elongation step of Translation?

Amino acids are transferred to the growing polypeptide chain by tRNA.

What happens during the Termination step of Translation?

The mRNA uncouples from the ribosome when the 'STOP' codon is reached.

What is the Central Dogma of Biology?

Starts with DNA…transcribed into mRNA…translated into proteins by tRNA