CC103 MIDTERM REVIEWER

a situation when we need to execute a block of code several number of times,

loops

a control structure that allows you to repeat a task a certain number of times.

while loop

syntax of while loop:

while(Boolean_expression) {

// do this

}

is similar to a while loop, except that it is guaranteed to execute at least one time.

do - while loop

syntax of do-while loop:

do {

// do this

} while(Boolean_expression);

a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to execute a specific number of times.

for loop

syntax of for loop:

for(variable initialization; Boolean_expression; update){

// do this

}

is mainly used for Arrays.

enhanced for loop

syntax of enhanced for loop

for(declaration : expression){

//Statements

}

a type compatible with the elements of the array you are accessing. The variable will be available within the for block and its value would be the same as the current array element.

Declaration

• This evaluates to the array you need to loop through

• can be an array variable method call that returns an array.

expression

used to break the loop.

break

make the loop jump to the next iteration.

continue

allow you to make a decision, based upon the result of a condition.

decision-making

types of decision making in java:

• if statement

• switch statement

java looping mechanisms

• for loop

• do while

• while

consists of a Boolean expression followed by one or more statements.

if statement

executes when the Boolean expression is false.

if else

In case that the first condition returns false

else if

is not required but a good thing to do if you need to handle possibilities

else

• you can use one if or else if statement inside another if or else if statement.

• if your code has multiple conditions to achieve

nested if

selects one of many code blocks to be executed.

switch statement

used to declare the beginning of the statement followed with the variable or expression to be validated.

switch

used to declare the possible value that the expression might have.

case

used to declare the action or code block to run if there is no cases satisfied. Also not required.

default

These represent serious problems that a typical application should not attempt to handle.

error

These indicate conditions that a program might try to catch and handle. They represent problems that can occur during the execution of the program, often due to issues within the code itself or external factors.

exceptions

These exceptions must be either caught using a try-catch block or declared in the method signature using the throws keyword.

checked exceptions

Also known as runtime exceptions, these do not need to be explicitly caught or declared. They typically result from programming errors,

unchecked exceptions

allows you to create a custom error. It can be used together with an exception type.

throw statement

lets you execute code, after try...catch, regardless of the result.

finally statement