227 Animal Restraint Evaluation

Restraint is used in order to allow either an ___ or a ___ to occur smoothly or at all

Examination, procedure

The 3 basic reasons for restraint is to maintain ___, to decrease ___, and to be able to react to all ___

control, hazards, responses

An animal’s reponse to restraint highly depends on the variables of each animal including: the ___ of the animal, the type of ___, the ___ status, ___ of the animal, animal’s ___, and ___ status

demeanor, procedure, health, species, gender, herd

When you approach an animal this is called ___, and it may be perceived as either a threat or a non-threat

encroachment

Encroachment on an animal can be seen as either a ___ or not

threat

When an animal is trying to perceive whether an entity encroaching is a threat or non- threat, they will utilize both their ___, ___, ___ and ___ to determine whether there is a threat

smell, hearing, vision, touch

An animal’s sense of smell is highly ___ and is used to identify ___ scents, and can help determine threats

developed, unfamilar

Animals can direct their ears to ___ their hearing, and in response they may change their ear position to either ___ or ___

focus, back, erect

When in areas with low light, animals will utilize their ___ to better see in the dark, except with ___ and ___ who do not have this structure.

tapetum, humans, pigs

The field of view of an animal will depend on the species and tends to be similar within categories like ___ and ___.

herbivores, carnivores

In some species like horses their vision ___ is sluggish, so in order to bypass this, a horse will angle their head in order to view their target.

accommodation

In some cases, animals will use touch as a method of ___, and it comes in many forms

communication

Veterinary personnel needs to recognize an animal’s perception to properly ___ to adequately restraint and prevent potential dangers

prepare

When animal may not react well to an exam or procedure, adequate ___ to prevent potential ___ should prepared in advance

restaint, dangers

A patient’s response to restraint may be variable and needs impact the ___ taken by the restrainer

approach

The effectiveness of restraint depends of the ___ of the responses that it may cause

understanding

Types of responses to restraint: ___, ___, ___ ___, ___

fight, submission, passive avoidance, domincance

Fight or flight or a state of alert can be caused by ___, leading to behaviors like bunching, avoidance, and aggresison.

invasion

Types of reactions due to sympathetic response: ___ which is common in herd animals, ___, and ___

bunching, avoidance, agggression

Commonly, a patient will react aggressively due to ___

pain

Some herd animals when in pain will ___ from the herd

seperate

When an animal has recently given birth, they may have a maternal agression to ___ from anybody, and varies between ___. For example, pigs and horses have strong maternal instincts

protect, species

Predatory aggression is seen in predatorial species like ___, ___, and ___. It results stalking, chasing, and biting

cats, dogs, ferrets

Territorial aggression is cause by wanting to protect either ___ and ___. This is seen in ___, ___ and ___

domain, owner, dogs, rabbits, horses

Another common aggression reaction is due to ___ as they no longer have options. This is ___ to recognize

fear, critical

In some cases, aggression is seen between animals like stallions, boars, bulls, rams, etc. this is categorized as ___ aggression

intermale

___ aggression isn’t understood very well, and is only seen in some species. This type of aggression is expressed in wolves as the same as dogs.

Dominance

Types of aggression: ___ induced, ___, ___, ___ induced, ___, ___

pain, maternal, predatory, territorial, fear, intermale, dominance

When approaching a patient it is important to ___ the patient, using ___, and ___

interpret, experience, observing

When approaching interpreting the patient is critical for ___, and to stay ___

safety, efficient

Before approaching ___ is important, and can be done in the reception area upon arrival, and in kennel. It may change upon a status change like ___, or ___

observation, hospitalize, treatment

Different types of bulls have different type of aggression. ___ breeds, ___ breeds, and ___ breeds is considered the most dangerous

beef, cross, dairy

Aggression and avoidance in bulls typical behaviors is: standing ___, their head will be hung ___, they will be ___ the ground, will ___ air out their nostrils, they will ___ their head, and attempt to ___, and attempt head ___ their target

sideways, low, pawing, blow, tossing, gore, crush

Different cows have different reactions. For example, dairy cows, tend to be more ___, and beef cows tend be more ___ because they are handled less

manageble, aggressive

Dairy cows tend to have a ___ distance before activating fight or flight while beef cows tend to have a ___ distance comparatively

short, long

Props are used to ___ a person to make them look larger, both ___ and ___ are used

extend, canes, whips

Calves tend to be very ___ and will approach humans, but are easily startled by ___ movements

curious, fast

All cattle have will remember so hadle them ___

gently

Cats have territorial aggression especially in ___ and between ___

groups, males

a relaxed cat will have their tail ___ and ears are facing ___

down, forwards

Aggression in cats is seen with the rear is ___, the tail is down but pointed ___, the cat’s hair will be ___, and the ears are pointed to the ___

lifted, away, piloerection, side

A frightened cat will be ___ down, their ears will be ___, their tail will be ___, and their eyes will be ___

crouched, flat, tucked, dialated

A cat who is trying to avoid can be either frightened or aggressive, and will ___ their body to escape a situation, and will take any opportunity

contort

Dogs can communicate through ___ language.

body

Assertive or dogs on the offensive will ___ at threats, their ears and tails will be ___, the dog’s ___ will raise, and their ___ will also raise

stare, raised, hackles, lips

Fearful or anxious dogs will avoid ___ contact, have their ___ and ___ down, and will turn ___ or roll ___

eye, tail, ears, sideways, over

For dogs recognizing body language is important to estimate ___ or ___ distance

flight, fight

The owners presence can impact a dogs aggression. In a case, a dog with ___ the owner needs to be removed, but a dog with large ___ the owner needs to be present

possesiveness, bond

A horse can see their ___ move in their field of view

body

different type of horse responses : ___, ___ up, ___

alert, tail, snort

overt aggression in horses, is ___ and is seen in horses in ___, ___ ___ and ___ ___

uncommon, stalls, breeding stallions, brood mares

The four visual cues seen in horses is ___ position, when they’re pinned back the extent will increase with situation, ___ posture however it isn’t consistent, ___ and ___ position, it will be extended aways from the body

ear, neck, nostrils, tail

Aggression between adult boars in seen ___ fighting

intermale

Pigs have extreme maternal aggression and even sows related to the piglets will ___. The sows will have to be ___

aggresive, removed

Younger pigs will ___ into a corner

crowd

Sheeps have ___ behavior, but is understood well by ___

herd, dogs

Rams unlike sheeps will ___ their handlers

challenge