History Final last set of terms

Death camp/extermination camp

a camp designed specifically for extermination or a camp that had the capacity to kill large numbers of inmates through gassing (at first carbon monoxide, then with Zyklon-B); there were 6 death camps and they were all in Poland

Jewish deaths

about 5.9 million;63%

Non-jewish deaths

about 5.5 million

KL

Thousands of 'concentration camps' through Germany and occupied Europe

Axis

Nazi Germany-hitler, Italy- Benito Mussolini, Japan- Hideki Tojo, and several minor nations.

Allies

Britain-Winston Churchill, France, Soviet Union-Joseph Stalin, China-Chiang Kai-shek, the United States- Franklin D. Roosevelt and numerous other smaller countries which later comprised of 'the United Nations'

Martin Niemöller

German lutheran pastor, "Then they came for me — and there was no one left to speak for me."

consumer demand/racism of slave trade Slavery Denial

Consumer demand drove the slave trade; racism justified the use of Africans about 400 slave mutinies.

Statement of Secession

Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union

1864 Election

November 8, 1864: Abraham Lincoln elected to a second term as President; owes his victory to Sherman's capture of Atlanta in September since Grant's campaign in Virginia against Lee has stalled; George B. McClellan ran against Lincoln in the 1864 election and as his party's platform planned to sue for peace

Abraham Lincoln

principle leader of the USA

Battle of Gettysburg

Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.

Battle of Shiloh

April 6-7 in Tennessee; Union victory under Grant with enormous casualties. after the first day of the battle, Grant weeps and General Sherman consoles him. 23,000 were killed/wounded out of 77,000

Cold Harbor

May 31-June 12 in Virginia; Union forces under Grant assault Confederate lines under the command of Lee. 7,000 Union soldiers are lost in twenty minutes & one Union soldier wrote in his diary before an assault: "June 4, 1864. Cold Harbor, Virginia. I was killed." Grant never forgave himself for ordering the seventh and final charge of the battle

Reconstruction Amendments

XIII, XIV, XV

13th Amendment (1865):

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude... shall exist within the United States."

14th Amendment (1868):

Granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people and equal protection under the law and due process for everyone.

15th Amendment (1870):

Protected the right to vote from being denied based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude and It aimed to give Black men the right to vote (though in practice, lots of barriers were still put up)

Total war

both soldiers and civilians were mobilized for the national war effort.

April 6 1917

U.S. enters war Central Powers & Allies

Wilfred Owen

American President Woodrow Wilson offered his Fourteen Points which promoted freedom, self-determination and arms reduction-some points were ignored or rejected, others adopted, such as the League of Nations, an international body that aimed to solve disputes between nations peacefully

Italian Fascism

anti-democratic

• extreme nationalism

• anti-communist

• glorification of violence

• elevation of the 'Great Man' - the

leader of the nation ("Il Duce" -

Benito Mussolini)

• emphasizes a mythical or idealistic

view of the past which the regime wants to re-create or re-fashion in the present

• embraces traditional gender roles

• emphasizes traditional hierarchy

but...

• solves class conflict through the

notion of loyalty to the state and the Leader of the state; all classes, therefore, are united in their loyalty and service to the state

sought territorial expansion and a re-creation of the glory of its Roman past - a pretext for its own colonial aims; for Hitler, his fascism was in the form of a racialized fascism - national socialism

September 1, 1939

invasion of Czechoslovakia in March of 1939 and the invasion of Poland; after his invasion of Poland, France and Britain declared war on Germany a few days later (Hitler)