unit 3 philosophy epistemology

a priori

Knowledge independent of experience or observation.

a posteriori

Knowledge dependent on empirical evidence or experience.

Method of doubt

Skeptical approach to question beliefs' certainty.

Law of contradiction

A statement cannot be both true and false.

Tabula Rasa

Theory that individuals are born as blank slates.

Epistemological skepticism

Doubt regarding the possibility of knowledge.

Cogito argument

Philosophical assertion: 'I think, therefore I am.'

Solipsism

Philosophical idea that only one's mind is sure to exist.

Unity of Consciousness

The idea that consciousness is a single, unified experience.

Truths of reason

Propositions known through logical deduction.

Truths of fact

Propositions known through empirical observation.

Monads

Simple substances that form the basic units of reality.

Simple perceptions

Basic sensory experiences without complexity.

Complex perceptions

Combination of simple perceptions into a cohesive experience.

Rationalism

Philosophy emphasizing reason as the primary source of knowledge.

Empiricism

Philosophy emphasizing sensory experience as the source of knowledge.

Coherentism

Belief that truth is determined by coherence among beliefs.

Pragmatism

Philosophy that evaluates theories based on practical applications.

Cognitive Science

Interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence.