Unit 9 Hobbs

Alvin York

Winner of the Medal of Honor in WW1

Booker T. Washington

Spokesperson for Black Americans, President of the Tuskegee Institute, “Up From Slavery”, believed education was the key to acceptance, Atlanta Compromise

Calvin Coolidge

silent; liked small govt.; State politician in MA, then became Gov. of MA; Dealt with Boston Police Strike, made national immigration act (1890

Henry Ford

worked for Edison, created Ford Motor Co., pioneered and perfected the assembly line

John J. Pershing-”Black Jack”; chased down Pancho Villa; commander, American Expeditionary Force; preserved unity of command for the AEF

Marcus Garvey

Born in jamaica, Migrated to Harlem in the 1910’s, Founded the Universal Negro Improvment Association/The back to Africa movement, Publisher of the Negro World

W.E.B Du Bois

First black to get PHD from Harvard, a sociologist and historian,“The Souls of Black Folk,” Founded NAACP, believed way forward was through agitation and protests, joined communist party

Warren Harding

From Marrion OH, publisher of the Marion Star, became a senator, ran a “front porch campaign”, won with 60% of the popular vote; emergency quota Act of 1921 (1910

Woodrow Wilson

Augusta, GA; professor of political science; 1885, president of Princeton Uni.; Gov. of NJ; wanted his 14 points for the Treaty of Versailles, included League of Nations; had to have people die in the war to push the 14 points; has stroke during speech in Colorado

American Expeditionary Force

the fighting force in WW1, was American officers and soldiers learning how to fight

Assembly Line

Perfected by Ford; machine on a conveyor belt moving slowly and each person had a few tasks to do in their allotted time.

Atlanta Compromise

Blacks needed education in order to put up with the segregation

Back to Africa Movement

Universal Negro Improvment Association Created by Garvey

Black Star Line

Cruise Line founded by Garvey; it was to bring African Americans to Africa;

Boston Police Strike

Coolidge had to deal with police officers striking; as a result, Coolidge said that if they proceeded with the strike, they would be fired.

Detroit

Where Ford had his company; became known as “Motor city” or “Motown”; where a lot of manufacturing, especially cars, was happening; people, especially young black men, would move from small farms to the city; its population went from 285k in 1900 to 1.62M in 1940

Dust Bowl

over tilling; dryness; started in the 1930s

Emergency Quota Act

It limited the amount of people that could immigrate into the US

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson’s proposal to the Treaty of Versailles; it had no consequence for the Germans and proposed a league of nations

Front Porch Campaign

It was a part of his “Return to Normalcy”; he would sit on his front porch and talk to people that came

Great Migration

Rural African Americans go North (more specifically cities); they take their culture and music with them

Harlem Renaissance

North of Central Park in NYC; The awakening of Black culture

Jazz Age

clubs like the Cotton Club (only whites were allowed) came about; famous black musicians like Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington played there; Literature from the black community also arose, Langston Hughes

League of Nations

Wilson’s idea; a way for the nations to talk about their problems to not have war

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

The main action of the A.E.F.; one of the offensives that ended the war; lasted till the armistice

H.M.S. Lusitania

passenger liner that was sunk; killed 128 Americans

NAACP- National Association of Advancement of Colored People; to help black people

National Immigration Act

more reduction on immigration in 1924; (1890

Palmer Raids

Raids ordered by Wilson to arrest any suspected socialists, communists, or anarchists and deport them

Red Scare

Everyone had heard about Russia and its rise to communism; people were worried about workers revolting and the US becoming communist

Return to Normalcy

Warren Harding’s campaign slogan; said that it was a return to what was normal with the country; coincided with his front porch campaign

Social Security

Teapot Dome Scandal

Sec. of Interior Albert Fall would give rights to dig for oil to his friends; Warren Harding was caught up in it since he was friends with Fall

“The Negro World”

Publisged By Garvey

“The President’s Daughter”

Nan Britton wrote it talking about the affair with Harding that led to her having a daughter; Harding never admitted affair

“The Souls of Black Folk”

written by W.E.B. Du Bois; talked about segregation and racism

Tuskegee Institute

founded by Booker T. Washington to help African Americans get an education to eventually end segregation

Universal Negro Improvement Association

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germans used submarines to fight; unterseeboot; was the reason for the sinking of the Lusitania; was discontinued and then brought back

“Up From Slavery”

Booker T. Washington wrote it; talked about how he got to be school master

Zimmerman Note

was the note sent from Germany to Mexico about joining sides; the telegram was decoded by Americans; Mexico declined the offer; part of the reason Americans joined the war