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lister
1865
tested a carbolic soaked bandage on a child with a badly broken leg, it healed clean in 6 weeks
made a baron in 1897
funeral in 1912 held in Westminster abbey
key hole surgery
using small fibre optic cameras, radiation therapy treats cancer, laser used rather than a scalpel for precise cuttings
koch
1878, realised most bacteria spread by contact, not air, said all surfaces should be germ free
William helstead
america surgeon
start using the Goodyear rubber company to make gloves after one of his nurses had an allergic reaction to the carbolic spray, led to development of latex gloves
kock, identified
bacteria for blood poisoning 1878
germ that causes septicaemia, using the chemical dye, methyl violet
Then Gerhardt discovered that red sulphonamide dye, called prontosil, killed it
problems with lister
ideas accepted quickly in germany and usa, not england
carbolic acid was corrosive, cause damage to surgeons hands, would slow down operation, and could lead to death by blood loss
some surgeons disliked that stopping infection was there responsibility
Note 
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