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What are the parts of axial skeleton?
Notochord and vertebral column
Ribs and sternum
Skull and visceral skeleton
What is a keystone of the vertebrate skeleton, that is segmented, is flexible.
Vertebral column
What is arched rod flanked by axial musculature and contains. protective bony tunnel for the spinal cord?
Vertebral column
With life on land, the ____ underwent regional specialization?
Vertebral column
Whose limbs push again the earth for locomotion and also support of lungs and internal organs?
Tetrapods (Frogs, salamanders)
In the axial skeleton evolution, there was shortening and eliminating of some ribs on some anterior vertebrae to increase mobility. This modification became what structure?
Neck
In which animal, there isn’t any gravity effects on the axial skeleton due to the buoyancy of water?
Fish
What is the use of ligaments that is between vertebrate?
Prevent excessive bending and torsion
Which fin stabilize and reduce rolling in the fish?
Forsal and anal fin
Which fin is responsible for propulsion?
Caudal fin
What feature do the amphibians used when transition from water to the land?
Girdles and appendages
T/F: Head of an amphibian was directly connected to the pectoral girdle.
False: It was not
T/F: In amphibians, movement of the head independently from the trunk allows exploration on land and ability to eat.
True
What is structure 1 marked as?
Atlas
What is structure 2 marked as?
Pectoral girdle
What is structure 4 marked as?
Pelvic girdle
Due to development of what structure, reptiles were able to move their head in different direction?
Cervical vertebrae
What are the vertebrae bones that were present in reptiles to give them head movement?
Atlas and Axis
______ support the body and protect the lungs from the pressure of lying down?
The trunk ribs
Which structure helped reptiles with the ventilation of the lungs?
Ribs
In birds, modifications to axial skeleton is correlated to ____.
Locomotion (Flying and bipedal walking)
What are the highly specialized pectoral appendages in birds
Wings
What is the name of fused vertebrae for stability?
synsacrum
Why is tail shorter than their ancestors in birds?
For suppoert to tail feathers
What is the flight muscle of bird called?
Sternum
____ cna expand to help ventilate the lungs.
Ribs
