Bronze Cross

The ladder approach

talk, throw, reach, wade, row, swim, tow, carry

ABC's

airway, breathing, circulation

Start CPR if...

unconscious non breathing

Mild airway obstruction symptoms

coughing

Mild airway obstruction treatment

encourage them to continue coughing

Severe airway obstruction symptoms

stopped coughing, stopped making noises, clutches neck

Severe airway obstruction treatment

CONTACT EMS, start abdominal thrusts and back blows

Compression to breaths

30:2

Shock is...

a depression of the body's circulatory system

Signs and symptoms of shock

fear, anxiety, rapid pulse, rapid breathing, clammy skin

Treatment for shock

Warmth
ABC's
Rest and reassure
Treatment
Semi prone

Anaphylaxis is...

and allergic reaction

Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis

difficulty breathing, wheezing, rashes

Treatment for anaphylaxis

CONTACT EMS, help give medication, treat for shock

Asthma is...

a breathing disorder in which the airway's sensitivity is increased

Signs and symptoms of asthma

difficulty breathing, anxiety, wheezing

Treatment for asthma

Help give medication, pursed lip breathing, treat for shock

Hyperventilation is...

breathing faster or deeper than necessary

Signs and symptoms of hyperventilation

panting, headache, confusion, fast breathing

Treatment for hyperventilation

PURSED LIP BREATHING, treat for shock

Respiratory distress is...

a medical condition that can cause you to have trouble breathing

Signs and symptoms of respiratory distress

difficulty breathing, anxiety, cyanosis, shock

Treatment for respiratory distress

pursed lip breathing, treat for shock

Angina is...

a medical disorder caused by poor blood circulation to the heart

Signs and symptoms of angina

tightness in the chest of left shoulder, trouble breathing, sweating, anxiety, shock

Treatment for angina

Contact EMS if angina does not improve, help give medication, treat for shock

A heart attack is...

when the circulation of blood to the heart is severely affected

Signs and symptoms of a heart attack

pain in the chest or left shoulder, trouble breathing, rapid pulse, DENIAL OF SYMPTOMS, confusion, nauseam shock

Treatment for a heart attack

CONTACT EMS, help give medication (Aspirin), treat for shock

Cardiac arrest is...

when the heart stops beating

Signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest

unconsciousness, not breathing, gradual onset or sudden onset, shock

Treatment for cardiac

CONTACT EMS, start CPR immediately, treat for shock

A stroke is...

when the brain doesn't have enough supply of blood

Signs and symptoms of a stroke

head pain, lack of one side, trouble speaking or understanding, unequal pupils, facial problems, shock

Treatment for a stroke

CONTACT EMS, semi prone on side they can feel, treat for shock

External bleeding is...

an injury to tissue that causes bleeding

Signs and symptoms of external bleeding

blood, pain, anxiety, shock

Treatment for external bleeding

Apply bandaging and apply pressure to wound, treat for shock, contact EMS if there is a lot of blood loss

Internal bleeding is...

a trauma causing bleeding into the abdominal tissues

Signs and symptoms for internal bleeding

muscle spasms, rigid abdominal, pain, difficulty breathing, decreased level of consciousness, anxiety, shock

Treatment for internal bleeding

CONTACT EMS, treat for shock, no food or drinks

Nosebleeds are...

a trauma to the nose or they can start spontaneously

Signs and symptoms of nosebleeds

blood from the nose, pain, anxiety, shock

Treatment for nosebleeds

pinch under the bridge of the nose and lean forward, apply ice to forehead and back of neck, treat for shock, contact EMS if it lasts more than 20 minutes

Head injuries are...

when a force comes in contact with the head

Signs and symptoms of head injuries

head pain, bleeding, swelling, nausea, vomiting, unequal or dilated pupils, blood or clear fluids

Treatment for head injuries

Immobilize head and neck, contact EMS, treat for shock

Spinal injuries are...

trauma to the spinal column

Signs and symptoms of spinal injuries

pain at the site of the trauma, loss of sensation or movement, weakness, bruising, shock

Treatment for spinal injuries

CONTACT EMS, use rollover if face down, immobilize head and body, put rolled towels or something soft, treat for shock

Injuries from embedded objects are...

when an object gets "stuck" in a wound

Signs and symptoms of embedded objects

object in wound, bleeding, swelling, shock

Treatment for injuries from embedded objects

CONTACT EMS, leave object, donut bandage and more bandaging, treat for shock

Eye injuries are...

an injury in the eyes

Treatment for eye injuries

rinse eyes, remove chemicals, treat for shock, contact EMS if an object is in the eye or vision is affected, treat for shock

Signs and symptoms of eye injuries

pain in or around eyes, swelling, redness, bleeding, burning, anxiety, shock

First degree burns are...

burns in which damages the surface of the skin, mostly sunburns

Signs and symptoms of first degree burns

redness, mild swelling, anxiety, pain, shock, like sunburn

Treatment for first degree burns

flush the burned area with cool clean water, treat for shock, contact EMS if it's on the face, neck or a small child

Second degree burns are...

burns in which affect the upper layers of skin

Signs and symptoms of second degree burns

blisters, redness, pain, swelling, anxiety, shock, first degree burns around

Treatment for second degree burns

flush with cool clean water, apply a bandage, separate fingers, treat for shock, contact EMS if it's on the face, neck or a small child

Third degree burns are...

burns in which affect all layers of tissue

Signs and symptoms of third degree burns

pain, red black and grey tissue, anxiety, shock, first and second degree burns around

Treatment for third degree burns

CONTACT EMS, flush with cool clean water, apply bandage, separate fingers or toes, treat for shock

Diabetic emergencies are...

when there's not enough sugar in the bloodstream or too much

Signs and symptoms of diabetic emergencies

pale cold clammy skin, cyanosis, bracelet necklace identifying diabetic condition

Treatment for diabetic emergencies

Give them something sugary, treat for shock, contact EMS if it doesn't get better

Seizures are...

an abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Signs and symptoms of seizures

loss of consciousness, relaxation in body, cyanosis, rigidity of body

Treatment for seizures

CONTACT EMS, clear land from objects that could prevent from getting further injuries,

Poisoning is...

ingesting, injecting, inhaling, or absorbing poisons

Signs and symptoms of poisoning

pain of cramps, cyanosis, difficulty breathing, vomiting, rash, changes in behaviour

Treatment for poisoning

CONTACT EMS AND POISON CONTROL, treat for shock

Heat cramps are...

caused by dehydration

Signs and symptoms of heat cramps

pain and spasms in muscles, sweating, fatigue, nausea, shock

Treatment for heat cramps

remove from hot environment, give them something cool to drink or a sport drink, stretch the cramp, treat for shock

Heat exhaustion is...

when a person is exposed to high temperatures for a long time

Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion

nausea, headache, sweating weak, rapid breathing

Treatment for heat exhaustion

Remove from hot environment, give them something cool to drink or a sport drink, treat for shock contact EMS if the level of consciousness is decreased

Heatstroke is...

a rare but a serious condition in which the body's cooling mechanism stops working

Signs and symptoms of heatstroke

fever, stopped sweating, decreased level of consciousness, pounding pulse, seizures

Treatment for heatstroke

CONTACT EMS, remove from hot environment, remove outer layers of clothing, cool down with wet towels, treat for shock

Frostbite is...

freezing in external tissues

Signs and symptoms of frostbite

pain, altered sensation, white area on skin

Treatment for frostbite

Remove victim from cold, warm up body parts

Hypothermia is...

dropping of the body's core temperature

Signs and symptoms of hypothermia

feeling cold, fatigue, shock

Treatment for hypothermia

CONTACT EMS, remove from cold, warm up body, treat for shock

Closed fractures are...

breaks in a bone

Signs and symptoms of closed fractures

pain, swelling, discoloration, difficulty moving

Treatment for closed fractures

Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevate
Contact EMS, treat for shock

Open fractures are...

displaced fractures in which a bone breaks through the skin

Signs and symptoms of open fractures

pain, swelling, bone through skin, bleeding, difficulty moving that part

Treatment for open fractures

CONTACT EMS, donut bandage on bone and bandaging around, treat for shock

Primary assessment

Area, alertness, ABC's, EMS

Secondary assessment

Sample, vital signs, head to toe, shock

Open airway

head tilt, chin lift

Rescue breaths in water...

1 breath every 5 seconds