Biology Lab Vocabulary (Labs 1-7)

Scientific method

1. Make a hypothesis

2. Draw graphs and evaluate the hypothesis

3. Carry out the experiment, and collect data

4. Come to a conclusion and report results

Dependent variable

What is being measured in an experiment

Independent variable

What is deliberately changed in an experiment

Standardized variable

Variables in an experiment that are kept constant.

Hypothesis

An educated answer to a scientific question that must be able to be proven false through experimentation

Theory

An accepted and proven explanation that has been proven after many supporting tests.

Levels of treatment

Values that are set for an independent variable (Like water amounts to see how it affects plant growth)

Control treatment

The independent variable in this is either eliminated or is set at a standard value. It give the investigator something to compare to.

Replication

An important part of experimental design to see if results remain consistent

Compound light microscope

A microscope with 2 or more lenses that produce a dark image on a bright background

total magnification = objective magnification * eyepiece magnification

Formula for total magnification

Coarse adjustment knob

The ___ causes the microscope stage to move upward or downward

Rotating nosepiece

The objective lenses of the compound light microscope are attached to the _____

Fine-tunes the focus

The fine adjustment knob on the microscope has what function?

Prokaryotes

Which of the following must be visually studied using microscopy?

Which of the following are functions of proteins?

Which of the following are functions of carbohydrates?

Which of the following are functions of lipids?

amino acids

Proteins are polymers composed of

sugars

Polysaccharides are polymers composed of

lipids

Triglycerides are polymers composed of

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids

What molecules are cells built with?

starch

Iodine is used to test for what through colour change?

Benedict test

What type of test is used to detect concentrations of simple sugars in solutions?

Emulsifier

What is used to make a solution with lipids and water evenly mixed?

Biuret test

What test is used to detect proteins in solutions?

Lipids

What group of molecules are insoluble in water?

water

The negative control used in all the tests for protein, starch, sugars and lipids was ___

Cell theory

States that all living things are made up of cells and the cell is the basic unit of life.

unicellular

Single-celled

Colonial

Single-celled organisms living together and sharing roles in a colony

Multicellular

More than one cell

cell membrane

All types of cells have this organelle

prokaryotes

• Lack membrane-bound organelles

• Have ribosomes

• Have a cell wall

nucleus

This organelle’s function is to store genetic information, synthesize proteins, and aid in cell reproduction

endoplasmic reticulum

The Intracellular compartment forms transport vesicles; participates in lipid synthesis and synthesis of membrane or secreted proteins

Golgi apparatus

Packages proteins for export from cell; forms secretory vesicle

Lysosome

Digest worn-out organelles and cell debris; digest material taken up by endocytosis

Mitochondria

“Power plants” of the cell; sites of oxidative metabolism

Central vacuole

Regulates water levels in plant cells

The lack of a true nucleus

What makes prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?

Chloroplast and cell wall

What structure distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell?

cytoplasm

The semi-fluid matrix that surrounds organelles in a cell is called the ___

nucleoid

This cellular structure lacks a membrane

digestive

The lysosome contains ________Blank enzymes.

animals

Which organisms have centrioles?

protein synthesis

Ribosomes are the site of ___ ___

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

What are the two main types of cells?

plasma membrane

Which structure surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell and separates the interior of the cell from the external environment?

bacteria and archaea

Examples of prokaryotes include

cell wall

Which of the following is located outside of the cell membrane and provides structural support to plant and prokaryotic cells?

ATP

Mitochondria are associated with the production of ___

Passive transport

Movement of molecules across a plasma membrane from high to low concentration. This requires no energy source.

Active transport

Movement of molecules across a plasma membrane from low to high concentration. This requires an energy source.

Diffusion

the movement of a molecule from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a plasma membrane from higher to lower concentration

Proteins in the cell membrane help transport molecules from higher to lower concentration

Facilitated diffusion

Filtration

Hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through a cell membrane

concentration gradient

In order for diffusion to occur, there must be a ___ ___

semipermeable

A membrane allows glucose through but not sucrose and galactose. What type of membrane is this?  

endocytosis

Forming of vesicles to move substances into the cell

exocytosis

Forming of vesicles to move substances out of the cell

Protein pumps

Proteins in the plasma membrane that move large molecules from lower to higher concentration