Social Psychology Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary from Social Psychology.

Social Identity Theory

Theory that describes how individuals define themselves and others based on group membership.

Minimal Group Paradigm

Experimental procedure where trivial group differences lead to in-group favoritism.

In-Group Favoritism

The tendency to prefer and favor members of one's own group.

Out-Group Discrimination

The tendency to treat individuals differently based on their out-group membership.

Social Categorization

The process of classifying individuals into groups based on shared characteristics.

Social Comparison

The process of evaluating oneself by comparing oneself to others.

Social Identity

An individual's sense of self based on group membership.

Social Cognitive Theory

Theory that describes how individuals learn through observation, imitation, and modeling.

Observational Learning

Learning by observing the behavior of others.

Human Agency

The capacity of individuals to act independently and make their own free choices.

Reciprocal Determinism

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment.

Self-Efficacy

One's belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Factor affecting social cognitive theory

The influence of observational learning, where individuals learn behaviors by watching others. This includes attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation.

Attention affecting social cognitive theory

The process of selectively focusing on specific stimuli while ignoring others, important in learning and memory.

Retention affecting social cognitive theory

The ability to store and recall information or behaviors learned through observation, significantly impacting the learning process and subsequent behavior.

Motor Reproduction affecting social cognitive theory

The process of translating observed behaviors into actual performance, requiring physical capability and skill to replicate the actions learned.

Motivation affecting social cognitive theory

The internal drive or reasons that influence an individual's willingness to engage in or pursue a behavior after observation. Motivation is crucial for putting learned behaviors into practice.

Stereotypes

Generalized beliefs about a group of people.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment.

Illusory Correlation

Perceiving a relationship between variables (typically people, events, or behaviors) even when no such relationship exists.

Stereotype Threat

The risk of confirming negative stereotypes about one's group.

Cultural Dimensions

Aspects of a culture that can be measured relative to other cultures.

Emic

An approach to studying culture that is culturally specific.

Etic

An approach to studying culture that is cross-cultural, or universal.

Individualism vs. Collectivism

A cultural dimension that reflects the extent to which a culture values individual achievement vs. group harmony.

Enculturation

The process by which individuals learn and adopt the ways and manners of their culture.

Cultural Norms

Shared expectations and rules that guide behavior within a group of culture.

Culture

Shared values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people.

Cultural Transmission

The process by which cultural norms and values are passed on to new generations.

Acculturation

The process of cultural and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures.

Assimilation

Adopting the cultural norms of a new culture.

Integration

Maintaining one's original culture while also adopting aspects of a new culture.

Marginalization

Rejecting one's original culture and failing to integrate into a new culture.

Separation

Withdrawal from the new culture, retaining only the elements from the original culture.