HDFS 3311 UConn Sarah Casper Final

Coparenting

various people that team up and collaborate in the parenting process

socialization

preparing children for adulthood role by teaching them how to behave, follow rules, values, and how to make decisions

According to the ecological perspective

Developmental changes take place within the context of interactions with changing environmental systems

Family Systems Theory explains

how everyday functioning takes place in family, how rules evolve to govern the behavior of family members, how roles are assigned to regulate behavior and how these roles relate to family goals

Pareting is bidirectional meaning

Adults and children equally influence one another as their relationship experiences developmental changes over time

Ancient Greece/rome only initially recognized

Two stages of the lifespan, childhood and adulthood

3 major philosophies or approaches to childrearing

Calvinism, harsh physical punishment, stern authoritarian style, obedience, father plays a central role

Environmentalism, tabula rosa, parents shape personality of children and play important role in child development

Early Developmentalism, first type of developmental attitude similar to modern times.

Factors that influence parenting style

Cultural influences, social class, education, peer values

Developmental time

Structure and nurture

family of origin

childhood influences

disciplinary approach

family ecological factors

attitudes and parenting style

Structure

Aspects of parenting aimed toward providing children with the mean to regulate their lives and to lay foundation upon which personality is formed

Social comptence

Group of attributes that are believed to be essential in assisting a person to make full use of his/her personal resources to cope productively

Nurturance

Meets children’s need for unconditional love

Responsive Care

Reacting to child in an appropriate manner, requires noticing, understanding, and answering to behavioral cues and verbal requests.

Assertive care

When parents notice, understand and respond to behavioral/verbal cues in loving trustworthy ways

Supportive care

When parent offers care but gives child freedom to accept or reject offer.

Individualism

what he/she can accomplish on their own. Personal identity and self expression.

Collectivism

Interdependence between a person and their community.

Ethnic Diversity

Encompasses peoples values, how their families operate as a social system, how they socialize their children, how they use resources to promote family functioning

Emic

Perspective that comes from already being a member

Ethnocentrism

Judging people from the perspective of our own cultural heritage

Ethno-blocking

The process of describing the American population in terms of five major ethnicities

Attachment Theory

Having consistent, loving parents or significant reliable caregivers allows development of trust foundation and attachment

Wholeness

a family is greater than the sum of its parts

Interdependence-

anything that affects one family member also affects every other family member to an extent

Patterns-

serve to regulate behavior of members and allow members to anticipate each other’s behavior

Rules-

govern family members’ behavior

Explicit rules-

known, stated and outlined clearly so that all people in the family know and understand them

Implicit rules

unspoken and are often inferred from non-verbal behavior

Negotiable rules

Rules that are negotiable

Nonnegotiable rules

Rules that are not negotiable

Open boundaries

roles and rules are clearly defined, promote health of entire system

Closed boundaries

Maintain status quo even if its unhealthy

Enmeshed

Family members are fused, children aren’t encouraged to differentiate

Disengaged

Family members are not emotionally close, high level of individuality but low intimacy.

Entropy

Disorder or chaos in system functioning that results from lack of information

Equifinality

Families share common goals but members reach these goals differently.

Snag point

General inflexibility in the need to make a change

Scaffolding

Any parental behavior that supports a childs efforts

Assertive care

Expressed when a parents determines what a childs needs are and respond to those needs in loving ways

Supportive care

parents offer care at appropriate times and children are free to accept or decline the care

Rigidity

Parenting style characterized by having the highest degree of strictness.

3 effective parenting strategies

Behavior modification

Social learning

parent effectiveness training

Extinction

Getting rid of behaviors that are undesired by ignoring the undesirable behavior

Intrinsic reinforcement-

Internal mental states are part of this learning process

4 Goals of misbehavior explain unacceptable actions

attention getting, social power, revenge, displaying inadequacy

Factors influencing decision to be a parent

Economic, Structural, and Psychosocial

Structural factors

Employment status of mother, socioeconomic status, fertility rate, pronatalist attitude

Generativity vs. self absorption

Outlet for need to be needed, can be considered narcissistic.

Mazing

Process experienced by infertile couples in their quest for parenthood

Types of adoption

Public, Private, Closed, Open

Leapfrogging

Swift transitions that occur in identity development and self perception.

Prenatal Development

Shortest stage 280 days, highly critical

First trimester

Vulnerable embryo, formative phase.

second/third trimester

Refinement and increase in weight/length.

Critical Factors

Age, Moms nutrition, exercise, and prenatal medical supervision.

critical factors

Infections diseases, paternal risk factors, teratogens.

Developmental landmarks of infancy

Feeding, sleep wake cycle, negativism, weaning

Social referencing

Facial cues guide infants decision

Contact comfort

infants need for soft comforting nurturance

Marasmus

Condition characterized by poor muscle tone.

School period between 3-6

Preschoolers

Leading cause of death for preschoolers

Accidental injury

Prosocial behaviors

Promote helpfulness and concern for others

Empathy

ability to accurately comprehend the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others.

Centering

Concentrate on only one aspect of an object they see or an activity they do

Causes for sleep issues

Fear

Middle childhood

6-12

industry

Positive attitude toward schoolwork and chores

Classification

Can attend to several attributes/details of a task simultaneously

seriation

Extension of classification problems where children become able to scale objects according to concepts like greater than and less than.

Five basic conditions classified as learning disorders

Ability deficits

Emotional disorders

Biological factory

Ecological factors

Lack adequate knowledge of how to learn

Mainstreaming/inclusion

Keeping special children in their public school

Early adolescence

13-16

Late adolescence

16-18

Equalitarian

Teens and parent share equal power, status, and made decision by joint effort

Laissez-faire

Teens take complete control and responsibility for making decisions about their lives and conduct

Ignoring

Parents take no part

Suicide

2nd leading cause of death

Anorexia

Abnormal fear of obesity, ages 12-20

Bulimia

Consuming huge amounts of food then purging

Stage adolescents are in? (Piaget)

formal operations

Erikson stage early adulthood

Intimacy vs isolation

Sternberts triangle theory of love parts

Passion, intimacy, and commitment

Eldercare

child or grandchildren provide emotional support, services and financial assistance to elderly parent/grandparent

Changes in family following divorce

Family metacognition, •Acknowledges other feelings of sadness and hate from all family members

Physical separation, •Removing father’s presence can leave children feeling abandoned

Family redefinitions, new single-parent system takes form

Divorce is most problematic for

Adolescents

Types of blended families

Single parent remarries

Fostering or adopting

A reconstituted family

Stages in stepfamily formation

Fantasy, assimilating the new adult, awareness, mobilization, action, contact, resolution

Teenage pregnancy is high risk meaning

Dangers to health and well-being that a teenage girl may encounter when pregnant

Why do the majority of teens become pregnant

A birth control method was not used

Contributing causes of teen pregnancy

Serious emotinal problems

Embarrassment about sexual matters

Religious beliefs

Proving masculinity and femininity

recognized as a adult

Trap

Adolescent family life act

advocates abstinence as most effective means of preventing pregnancy

Research reports that subsequent births among teen mothers are diminished when they

Remain in school

Live at home with their parents

Are engaged in educational or work activities

Homophobia

irrational fear, dislike or disgust of homosexuals or homosexuality

Heterosexism

belief that heterosexuality is superior and preferable

which was the first state of officially sanction same-sex marriage

Massachusetts

In a landmark ruling issued in June 2015

the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution allows for same-sex couples to marry

Queer Theory

aims to normalize the connotation of the concept of homosexuality by stating that it is not an opposite or another variant of heterosexuality

Children and young adults who come-out need

the support and affirmation of accepting friends and peers