MIL 1ST QUARTER CHAPTER 2 - MEDIA AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS: DEFINITIONS, HISTORIES, AND DIRECTIONS

Communication

This refers to people or groups of people imparting or exchanging messages through speaking, writing, gestures, or even using symbolic forms.

Messages

This is a collection of symbols that appear purposefully organized to those sending or receiving them.

Interpersonal communication

This is a form of communication that involves two or three individuals interacting through the use of their voices and bodies.

Small group communication

This involves messages between to or three persons.

Organizational communication

This involves sending and receiving messages among individuals under one organization or located in one working environment.

• Source

• Encoding

• Transmitting

• Channels

• Decoding

• Receiver

• Feedback

• Noise interference

What are the eight elements in the creation of a message according to Turow (2009)?

Source

This refers to where the message come from. This is can a person or an organization.

Encoding

This is the process by which a message is translated so it can be transmitted and communicated to another party.

Transmitting

This is the act of sending the message either through a person’s vocal cords or facial muscles complemented with hand gestures.

Channels

This are technologies that enable the act of sending or transmitting.

Decoding

This refers to the transmitted impulses that are converted to signs as the brain perceives and processes the impulses.

Receiver

This refers to the one gets the message that was transmitted through the channels.

Feedback

This refers to the response generated by the message that was sent to the receiver.

Noise Interference

This refers to elements that may disrupt the transmittal process.

The Chinese developed the technology for silk paper

What happened in 105 CE?

Animal glue and natural plant dyes

What are the inks used in printed works made out of?

They had full-length books produced using wooden block printing

What happened in 800 CE?

Pi Sheng

Who is the Chinese alchemist who developed system of individual character types made from a mixture of baked clay and glue?

Jikji

This is a collection of Zen Buddhist teaching in Korea that was printed in 1377 using movable type technology under the Goryeo dynasty.

Christians

Who created the codex in 100 CE?

Codex

This is a document considered as the prototype of a book.

Johann Gutenberg

Who invented the printing technology that was eventually called the movable metal type machine?

Gutenberg machine

This was a frame the could hold the type covered in ink in one place, wherein a piece of paper would be placed and secured on top with a device derived from making wine.

Bible

What are Gutenberg’s earliest and most famous creation?

Mainz Platter

What are the first dated book that arrived in 1457 and create quite an impression of color printing.

Doctrina Cristiana

What are the first printed book in the Philippines which refers to a treatise on the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church?

Fray Juan Plasencia

Who is the Augustinian priest who wrote the Doctrina Cristiana?

Free press

What emerged in 1700 as a strong position against authoritarian states?

Adversarial press

This refers to a press that has the ability to conduct dialogue and argue with the government.

La Esperanza

What is the name of the first daily newspaper published in the Philippines on December 1, 1846?

La Solidaridad

What is the name of the most popular newspaper in the Philippines that was published in Spain in 1889 and was used to campaign for reforms in the nation?

Ang Kalayaan

What was the revolutionary newspaper of the Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan that was published by the Katipuneros on January 18, 1896?

George Eastman

Who invented the film and built a company called Kodak?

Thomas Edison and William Dickson

Who were the ones who turned the use of the photographic film into a material that can be moved in front of a lens at a constant speed and result into several photographs.

Louse and Augusto Lumiere

Who were the two Frenchmen that introduced the development of film projectors.

Large screen projections

What did Thomas Edison use to improved the Lumiere technology?

Edison vitascope

What device was published in 1896 that showed the Rough Sea at Dover film by Robert Paul?

Scientific American

Who used the word television in 1907?

General Electric

Who published the first telecast of a television program in New York City, 1928?

Radio Corporation of America

Who introduced electronic scanning in 1930?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Who was the first president to appear on television in 1939?

Semiconductor devices

This is considered as the foundation of modern electrons which gave rise to many development in the technology of broadcasting.

International Business Machines

Who shipped their first electronic computers what became known as “701” in the industry in 1953?

Advanced Research Project Network

What was created by the US Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in 1969, which was known as a time-sharing network of computers and the precursor of today’s Internet?

1969

When was the first connected between the University of California Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute established?

1973

When did the first international network connection link the US with University College London?

Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol

What are known as the common language of the Internet?

Robert Khan and Vinton Cerf

Who were the inventor of the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol in ARPANET?

Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol

This is a suite or protocols or rules that govern the transmission of data.

Tim Berners-Lee

Who introduced the World Wide Web project to the world in 1991?

• Hypertext Markup Language

• Uniform Resource Identifier

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol

What are the three fundamental technologies that Berners-Lee wrote for the Internet?

Hypertext Markup Language

This refers to the markup formatting language for the web.

Uniform Resource Identifier

This is a kind of address that is unique and used to identify each resource on the web and is commonly called a URL.

Archie

This is an index of computer files stored on anonymous FTP websites in a given network of computers what was made by Alam Emtage in 1990.

Gopher

This is an index created by Mark McCahill in 1991 which also searched for plain text references in files.

Mosaic

This is the first graphics-based search engine made in 1993.

Wandex

This is a site that displayed the capability to crawl the web, indexing and search the catalog of indexed pages of the web.

Bulletin Board System

This is a computer system running a software that allows users to connect and exchange messages and information using a terminal ran on IBM XT Clone PC before the launch of the World Wide Web in the Philippines.

Dr. John Brule

Who is the professor emeritus from Syracuse University that said “We’re in!” as the PhilNet connection successfully linked up the global internet?

Social Media

This refers to the entire media infrastructure powered by the Internet and the World Wide Web that enables multimedia interactivity and dialogue.

Internet-based social networking

This is the gathering of people based upon common interests and advocacies.

Communities of practice

These are associations composed of people who shared common interests and goals and are committed to develop themselves both professionally and personally.

Six Degrees

What are the was first social media site that emerged in 1997 and was derived from a belief that all living things are six or fewer steps away from each other?

Friendster

This is a social networking site launched in 2002 by Jonathan Adams that promoted the idea that a community of friend can be formed and maintained on the Internet.

MySpace

This is a site similar with Friendster that has a better audio file storage capacity, which makes it enticing to musicians or music lovers.

Mass Communication

This comprises the institutions and techniques by which specialized groups employ technological devices to disseminate symbolic content to large, heterogeneous, and widely dispersed audiences.

Mass

This is meant as the large, diverse, heterogeneous audience that it can command.

Media

This is a well-established institution in the modern world.

Mass society approach

This sees society as an integrated whole, with its structures and institutions holding power and authority and exerting control over society.

Functionalist approach

This sees society as an organism.

Social Contrsuctivism

This proposes the notion that individuals are shaped by their interaction with others with social institutions.

Social Construction

This refers to the processes by which events, persons, values and ideas are first defined or interpreted in a certain way and given value and priority, largely by mass media.

Information society

This emerge in Japan in the 1960s and was allied to the notion of information economy characterized by the emergence of a thinking class and the rising number and significance of information-based work.