barrowed chapter 5

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/155

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

156 Terms

1
New cards

absorption

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream.

2
New cards

amino acids

small building blocks of proteins (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested.

3
New cards

amylase

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.

4
New cards

anus

Terminal end of opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.

5
New cards

appendix

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the RLQ).

6
New cards

bile

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules.

7
New cards

bilirubin

Pigment released by the liver in bile.

8
New cards

bowel

Intestine

9
New cards

canine teeth

Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth.

10
New cards

cecum

First part of the large intestine.

11
New cards

Colon

Large intestine, consisting of the cecum; the ascending, transverse, and descending segments of the colon; and the rectum.

12
New cards

common bile duct

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus.

13
New cards

defecation

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus

14
New cards

deglutition

Swallowing

15
New cards

dentin

The primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.

16
New cards

digestion

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

17
New cards

duodenum

First part of the small intestine; the duodenum measures 12 inches long.

18
New cards

elimination

Act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces.

19
New cards

emulsification

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat.

20
New cards

enamel

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

21
New cards

enzyme

A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances.

22
New cards

esophagus

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach.

23
New cards

fatty acids

Substances produced when fats are digested.

24
New cards

feces

solid wastes; stool

25
New cards

gallbladder

Small sac under the liver; stores bile.

26
New cards

glucose

Simple sugar

27
New cards

glycogen

Starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

28
New cards

hydrochloric acid

Substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food

29
New cards

ileum

Third part of the small intestine.

30
New cards

incisor

One of four front teeth in the dental arch

31
New cards

insulin

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.

32
New cards

jejunum

Second part of the small intestine.

33
New cards

lipase

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.

34
New cards

liver

A large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. The normal adult liver weighs about 2 1/2 to 3 pounds.

35
New cards

lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Also called a cardiac sphincter.

36
New cards

mastication

chewing

37
New cards

molar teeth

The sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch

38
New cards

palate

Roof of the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone. The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat.

39
New cards

pancreas

Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

40
New cards

papillae (singular: papilla)

Small elevations on the tongue

41
New cards

parotid gland

Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

42
New cards

peristalsis

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs.

43
New cards

pharynx

Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

44
New cards

portal vein

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

45
New cards

protease

Enzyme that digests protein

46
New cards

pulp

Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

47
New cards

pyloric sphincter

Ring of muscles at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum.

48
New cards

pylorus

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum.

49
New cards

rectum

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

50
New cards

rugae

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

51
New cards

saliva

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands

52
New cards

salivary glands

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

53
New cards

sigmoid colon

Fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

54
New cards

sphincter

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

55
New cards

stomach

Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. The stomach's parts are the fundus, body and antrum.

56
New cards

triglycerides

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol.

57
New cards

uvula

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

58
New cards

villi (singular: villus)

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.

59
New cards

an/o

anus

60
New cards

append/o

appendix

61
New cards

appendic/o

appendix

62
New cards

bucc/o

cheek

63
New cards

cec/o

cecum

64
New cards

celi/o

belly, abdomen

65
New cards

cheil/o

lip

66
New cards

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

67
New cards

choledoch/o

common bile duct

68
New cards

col/o

colon, large intestine

69
New cards

colon/o

colon

70
New cards

dent/i

tooth

71
New cards

duoden/o

duodenum

72
New cards

enter/o

intestines, usually the small intestine

73
New cards

esophag/o

esophagus

74
New cards

faci/o

face

75
New cards

gastr/o

stomach

76
New cards

gingiv/o

gums

77
New cards

gloss/o

tongue

78
New cards

hepat/o

liver

79
New cards

ile/o

ileum

80
New cards

jejun/o

jejunum

81
New cards

labi/o

lip

82
New cards

lapar/o

abdomen

83
New cards

lingu/o

tongue

84
New cards

mandiubul/o

lower jaw, mandible

85
New cards

odont/o

tooth

86
New cards

or/o

mouth

87
New cards

palat/o

palate

88
New cards

pancreat/o

pancreas

89
New cards

peritone/o

peritoneum

90
New cards

pharyng/o

throat

91
New cards

proct/o

anus and rectum

92
New cards

pylor/o

pyloric sphincter

93
New cards

rect/o

rectum

94
New cards

sialaden/o

salivary gland

95
New cards

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

96
New cards

stomat/o

mouth

97
New cards

uvul/o

uvula

98
New cards

amyl/o

starch

99
New cards

bil/i

gall, bile

100
New cards

bilirubin/o

bilirubin (bile pigment)