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40in is how many cm?
100cm
56in is how many cm
140cm
72in is how many cm
180cm
What are some equipment to watch out for
Leads, Oxygen tube, vascular lines
with difficult or uncooperative patients, chest X-rays should be performed in a what position?
Semi-erect
Air-fluid level demonstrates best in what position?
Erect
If air-fluid level visualization is needed how many projections may be needed?
2 projections
One for air fluid level
One normal projection of the chest
Rechargeable batteries use how many volt outlet
110-120 volt outlet
Mobile units come with built in what for immediate display of the image?
Monitors and flat panel detector systems
Generators in mobile units produce output that is?
High frequency
What type of equipment was used before high frequency generators
Capacitor discharge units
Generators’ battery operates on which phase?
Three phase
List technical factor selection considerations
KVP
MAs
Distance
Grids
Exposure switch
Full power, high frequency units that are battery operated produce what type of ripple making it as efficient as a stationary unit
Little ripple
Which distance should be used when 40” & 72” cannot be achieved
56”
Which frequency is preferred for mobile radiography
High frequency 178-200 lpi
Which dimension and focal range grid is preferred for mobile radiography
Short dimension
Wide focal range 40”-72”
This is a radiographic technique that employs motion to show anatomical structures lying in a plane of tissue while blurring or eliminating the detail in images of structures above and below the plane of interest
Tomography
What year was tomography first developed?
1921
Tomography is most useful for which diagnostic modality?
3D mammography
What are other names for tomography?
Planigraphy
Laminography
Stratigraphy
Sectional radiography
Pivot point around which the motions of the tube and image receptor are centered
Fulcrum
The longer the blurring, what happens to sharpness?
Less sharpness
The shorter the blurring, what happens to sharpness?
Sharper image
What is the relationship between fulcrum and blurring?
Direct
Define Tomographic Amplitude
Arc, angle or distance the tube travels without an exposure
What is the relationship between the tomographic amplitude and the section thickness?
Inverse
The tomographic amplitude is __ or equal to the exposure amplitude
Greater than
Define Exposure Amplitude
Arc, angle, or distance the tube travels during an exposure
The exposure amplitude is __ or equal to the tomographic amplitude
Less than
This is the streaking or smearing that results in the loss of recorded detail of objects outside the focal plane
Blur
What is the relationship between blurring and image receptor exposure of objects
Inverse
Increased blurring causes what type of exposure?
Decreased exposure
List four things blur is affected by
Orientation of tube motion
Distance from the fulcrum
Distance from the image receptor
Exposure amplitude
Exposure amplitude has what type of relationship to blur width?
Direct
Distance from the fulcrum has what type of relationship to blur width?
Direct
Distance from the image receptor has what type of relationship to blur width?
Direct
Orientation of tube motion has what type of relationship with blur width?
Direct
Phantoms are sometimes called?
Blur edges
Blur margin
Blur overlap
These are false images and are dangerous to the diagnostic process
Phantoms
Phantoms are produced during complex tomographic motions, especially what?
Circular
What determines the focal plane and controls the section level?
Fulcrum
This is often referred to as the section although the terms section level, layer height, object plane & depth of focus is also used
Focal plane
This is the region within, which the image exhibits satisfactory special resolution and is controlled by the level of the fulcrum
Focal plane
This is the width of the focal plane and is controlled by the exposure angle
Section thickness
Exposure angle has what type of relationship to section thinckness?
Inverse
Section thickness occurs in what type of plane to the image receptor?
Parallel
What is the distance between fulcrum levels?
Section interval
T/F: section interval should exceed the section thinckness
False : section interval should NOT exceed the section thinckness
Tomography was first achieved by what type of motion?
Linear
Digital radiographic tomography is called what?
Digital tomoaynthesis
How many exposures does the tomosynthetic processing require?
10 exposures
Complex tomographic motions often require how many second exposures?
3 or 6 seconds
Approximately how much more mAs is required for a wide angle tomogram due to loss of scatter caused by the air gap at the extremes of the tomographic motion?
30% more mAs
What percent change in KVP is required to produce a visible exposure difference in most images?
5%
This is used when localization is necessary because the exact location of a structure is unknown or when a survey is being performed
Narrow angle tomography (exposure amplitudes of less than 10 degrees)
This is used when a lesion has been localized or a specific structure has been determined to require a more detailed examination.
Wide angle tomography
What type of scan does panoramic tomography use?
Slit scan
List other names for panoramic tomography
Pantomography
Orthopantomography
What is the total tomographic arc degree limited to?
48 degrees