Mobile Radiography

40in is how many cm?

100cm

56in is how many cm

140cm

72in is how many cm

180cm

What are some equipment to watch out for

Leads, Oxygen tube, vascular lines

with difficult or uncooperative patients, chest X-rays should be performed in a what position?

Semi-erect

Air-fluid level demonstrates best in what position?

Erect

If air-fluid level visualization is needed how many projections may be needed?

2 projections

One for air fluid level

One normal projection of the chest

Rechargeable batteries use how many volt outlet

110-120 volt outlet

Mobile units come with built in what for immediate display of the image?

Monitors and flat panel detector systems

Generators in mobile units produce output that is?

High frequency

What type of equipment was used before high frequency generators

Capacitor discharge units

Generators’ battery operates on which phase?

Three phase

List technical factor selection considerations

KVP

MAs

Distance

Grids

Exposure switch

Full power, high frequency units that are battery operated produce what type of ripple making it as efficient as a stationary unit

Little ripple

Which distance should be used when 40” & 72” cannot be achieved

56”

Which frequency is preferred for mobile radiography

High frequency 178-200 lpi

Which dimension and focal range grid is preferred for mobile radiography

Short dimension

Wide focal range 40”-72”

This is a radiographic technique that employs motion to show anatomical structures lying in a plane of tissue while blurring or eliminating the detail in images of structures above and below the plane of interest

Tomography

What year was tomography first developed?

1921

Tomography is most useful for which diagnostic modality?

3D mammography

What are other names for tomography?

Planigraphy

Laminography

Stratigraphy

Sectional radiography

Pivot point around which the motions of the tube and image receptor are centered

Fulcrum

The longer the blurring, what happens to sharpness?

Less sharpness

The shorter the blurring, what happens to sharpness?

Sharper image

What is the relationship between fulcrum and blurring?

Direct

Define Tomographic Amplitude

Arc, angle or distance the tube travels without an exposure

What is the relationship between the tomographic amplitude and the section thickness?

Inverse

The tomographic amplitude is __ or equal to the exposure amplitude

Greater than

Define Exposure Amplitude

Arc, angle, or distance the tube travels during an exposure

The exposure amplitude is __ or equal to the tomographic amplitude

Less than

This is the streaking or smearing that results in the loss of recorded detail of objects outside the focal plane

Blur

What is the relationship between blurring and image receptor exposure of objects

Inverse

Increased blurring causes what type of exposure?

Decreased exposure

List four things blur is affected by

Orientation of tube motion

Distance from the fulcrum

Distance from the image receptor

Exposure amplitude

Exposure amplitude has what type of relationship to blur width?

Direct

Distance from the fulcrum has what type of relationship to blur width?

Direct

Distance from the image receptor has what type of relationship to blur width?

Direct

Orientation of tube motion has what type of relationship with blur width?

Direct

Phantoms are sometimes called?

Blur edges

Blur margin

Blur overlap

These are false images and are dangerous to the diagnostic process

Phantoms

Phantoms are produced during complex tomographic motions, especially what?

Circular

What determines the focal plane and controls the section level?

Fulcrum

This is often referred to as the section although the terms section level, layer height, object plane & depth of focus is also used

Focal plane

This is the region within, which the image exhibits satisfactory special resolution and is controlled by the level of the fulcrum

Focal plane

This is the width of the focal plane and is controlled by the exposure angle

Section thickness

Exposure angle has what type of relationship to section thinckness?

Inverse

Section thickness occurs in what type of plane to the image receptor?

Parallel

What is the distance between fulcrum levels?

Section interval

T/F: section interval should exceed the section thinckness

False : section interval should NOT exceed the section thinckness

Tomography was first achieved by what type of motion?

Linear

Digital radiographic tomography is called what?

Digital tomoaynthesis

How many exposures does the tomosynthetic processing require?

10 exposures

Complex tomographic motions often require how many second exposures?

3 or 6 seconds

Approximately how much more mAs is required for a wide angle tomogram due to loss of scatter caused by the air gap at the extremes of the tomographic motion?

30% more mAs

What percent change in KVP is required to produce a visible exposure difference in most images?

5%

This is used when localization is necessary because the exact location of a structure is unknown or when a survey is being performed

Narrow angle tomography (exposure amplitudes of less than 10 degrees)

This is used when a lesion has been localized or a specific structure has been determined to require a more detailed examination.

Wide angle tomography

What type of scan does panoramic tomography use?

Slit scan

List other names for panoramic tomography

Pantomography

Orthopantomography

What is the total tomographic arc degree limited to?

48 degrees