Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Vocabulary Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, characteristics, and interdisciplinary components of Science, Technology, and Society based on lecture notes.

Science

The systematic study σ natural world through observation experimentation and logical reasoning

Technology

Described as "working together" or "application," this field involves research and innovation to make tasks easier.

Society

A community defined by human interaction; it is inherently connected to science and technology because without society, there is no technology.

Interdisciplinary subject

A term describing Science Technology and Society (STS) because it integrates Ethics, Politics, History, Sociology, Economics, and Philosophy.

Ethics

A branch of the interdisciplinary study of STS concerned with moral values.

Philosophy

A field within STS involving theories and logical reasoning for a deeper understanding.

Economics

In the context of STS, relates to "paglago at pagtaas" (growth and increase) where technology like AI helps make tasks easier.

Research

An activity involving the discussion and addressing of problems to create Technological Innovations.

Evidence based

Science relies on evidence rather than opinions beliefs or guesses scientific knowledge is supported by observable facts that can be gathered through experiments measurements and careful observation

Systematic

A characteristic of Science follows an organized and logical process known as the scientific method scientists Begin by identifying a problem gathering information forming a hypothesis conducting experiments analyzing data and drawing conclusion

Continually evolving

Technology is never static it is continuously changes as new discoveries research and Innovation emerge

Objective

A characteristic of Science meaning aims to remain free from personal bias emotions beliefs or preferences.

Scientist must interpret result based on evidence rather than what they hope or expected to find

Objectively helps ensure that scientific findings are accurate and trustworthy

Testable

A characteristic of Science . Scientific ideas must be capable of being tested through observation or experimentation if an idea cannot be tested measured or observed it cannot be considered as scientific claim

Dynamic

A characteristic of Science indicating that knowledge is constantly changing and improving us new evidence becomes available.

Science is never considered Complete because new discoveries may modify or even replace previous explanations

Practical

Because it is created to perform useful tasks and meet the everyday needs of people Unlike scientific knowledge which seeks to understand how the world Works technology focuses on applying that knowledge to make life easier safer and more efficient

The primary goal of technology is to provide practical solution to real life situation

Innovative

Technology is innovative because it constantly introduce new ideas products and methods that improve existing Technologies or create entirely new solution Innovation means developing something better more efficient or more effective products and methods that improve existing Technologies or create entirely new solution Innovation means developing something better more efficient or more effective

Problem solving

A fundamental characteristic of Technology is developed to solve human problems and address societal needs every technological invention begins with a challenge that people want to overcome

Human centered

A characteristic of Technology because it is designed to serve people and improve their quality of life every technological innovation should address human needs enhance well-being and contribute to social progress

Develop the song Human problems and address social needs

Human Control

The principle that humans must be the ones to control technology and not let technology overpower them.

1. evidence based

2. Systematic

3. Objective

4. Testable

5. Dynamic

research (in science)

1. Practical

2. Innovative

3. Problem solving

4. Human centered

research (in technology) characteristics

-Food production Agriculture and Industry

- communication

-Transportation and navigation

- military and defense

- architecture and engineering

- medicine and health

- aesthetics power and energy

Problems during the ancient times?

SUMERIAN CIVILIZATRION

Is located on the southernmost tip of Ancient. mesopotamia and is considered the oldest civilization in the world. Sumer was the southern counterpart to the northern region of AKKAD who's people gave the Sumer the same meaning “land of civilized Kings” which the Sumerians give them a name to which was the land of the black headed people

cuneiform

The first writing system utilize word pictures and triangular symbols carve on Clay using wedge instrument and then left to dry

First true City

urok city is the first true city in the world. the Sumerian were able to build the city using only mud or clay from the river which they mix with reeds producing Sun baked bricks. they use bricks to make houses to protect them from the harsh weather and to build a wall around the city that prevented wild animals

The great ziggurat of UR

Also called the Mountain of God it served as the sacred place of the chief God were only their priests were allowed there.

Irrigation and dikes

Sumerians created dikes and irrigation canals to bring water to farmlands and at the same time control of loading of the river

Sailboat

This were used to carry large quantities of products and were able to cover large distance

wheel

The first wheel were not make for transportation but farm work and food process farmers were able to mill grains much less effort in less time

plough

It is used to dig the ground where seeds would planted farmers could cultivate larger parcels of land faster enabling them to mass produce food without taking so much effort and time.

Roads

It is made the flow of traffic become faster and more organized they made the roads work the same technology they use in making the sun baked bricks that they laid down on the ground

Jewelry

They made their own jewelry using gold, silver, and gems

Bronze tools

Sumerian's tools are made by the bronze to make weapon much stronger

Babylonian civilization

The Babylonian civilization emerge near the Tigres and euphrates Rivers. babylonia was a state in ancient Mesopotamia. the city of Babylon whose ruins are located in present day Iraq yet found dead more than 4,000 years ago known for their engineering and architecture. one of their contribution is the “Hanging Gardens of Babylon” one of the seven wonders of the ancient world made by King nebuchadnezzar II for queen amytis

First map

An ancient Babylonian cartographer created the world's first map on a clay tablet in 2000 BC the map covers a small region of Babylonia during the akkadan Empire

Astrology and horoscopy

In ancient Babylon it was thought that the celestial bodies had divine power which directed people's lives constellation were used to determine the weather, climate and seasons and to help people decide which crop should be sown

Egyptian civilization

The ancient Egyptian excelled at the science and the knowledge in various fields from astronomy to medicine to mathematics many of their most famous invention were based upon the scientific principles they discovered they had variety of medicine and cures for both humans and animals along with much knowledge of anatomy during the Stone Age early doctors use very primitive forms of herbal medicines the early Egyptian excelled in science and had knowledge in various field from astronomy to medicine too mathematics

Papyrus

Is the precursor of paper it is made from the papyrus plant (cyperus Papyrus) that grow abundantly along the Nile river in Egypt they were able to process the plants in order to produce thin sheets on which one could write down things

Ink

By combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks of different colors it was used to record history culture and codified laws

Heiroglyphics

It is a system of writing symbols (logographics systems)

Calendar

The ancient Egyptian calendar was originally based on the 12 month lunar cycle. The Egyptian device the solar calendar by recording the yearly reappearance of Sirius(DOG STAR) in the Eastern sky

Cosmetics

This were used for both health and aesthetic reasons egyptian workout and Cosmetics they believe that a person wearing makeup was protected from evil and the and that the beauty is a sign of holiness

Wigs

They were one for health and wellness rather than aesthetic purposes

Simple machines

The rum and the liver were a couple of the most famous construction invention and the ancient egyptian develop the principle that guide them are still widely used in construction today

clock

Ancient Egyptian were also one of the first group of people to divide days into equal parts to the use of time keeping

Shadoof

It is hand operated device the purpose of irrigation land

Greek civilization

Greece is an archipelago in the southern part of Europe it is known as the birthplace of Western philosophy. the greek major contribution in mathematics like ideas about basic geometry and the concept of mathematical proof from the ancient Greek mathematics. in science they made some of the first astronomical models trying to describe the planetary movement The Early Access and the heliocentric system a model that places the Sun at the center of the solar system

Alarm clock

They made use of water or small stones or sand that drop into the drums which sounded the alarm lotto was believed to have utilized an alarm to Signal the start of his lecture

Water mill

It was commonly used in agricultural process like the milling of Grins which was necessary form of food processing because milling was made possible by the use of water Mills the mass production of rice cereals and flours became common.

Roman civilization

The Roman Empire was perceived to be the strongest political and social entity in the West and was considered to be the Cradle of politics and governance

Newspaper

First call Gazette they were made before the invention of paper they were engraved in mental or some tablets and then publicly displayed

Bound books and codex

According to the sources, Julius Caesar started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages to book later on they were able to provide covers protect the Papyrus earlier covers were made of wax but were later replaced by animal skin which made them stronger and long-lasting

Roman architecture

Roman device their own number system especially to address the need for standards counting methods

Surgical tools

Romans pioneered procession instrument that give birth to many modern-day surgical tools roman armies had Medics who were in use for any complication on the battlefield

War weapons

They had weapons like the Ballista (catapult) and the Scorpion (long range crossbow) which were brilliantly engineered to bring down the toughest of enemies

Mayan civilization

a mesoamerican civilization, this civilization lasted for about 2,000 years the Mayan civilization included Southern Eastern Mexico and Northern Central America. the ancient Mayans developed the science and astronomy calendar system and heiroglyphics writing. they were also known for creating elaborate ceremonial architecture such as pyramids templates places and observation

Inca civilization

Build roads across the length of and width of their empire. to create routes through steep mountain ranges. they carve staircase and gold tunnels out of rock they also build suspension bridges over rivers. thick rope cables were anchored at Stone Tower on either side of the river

Aztec civilization

A missile American civilization located in central Mexico the Aztec had great influence on the development of mexican culture the language the nahuatl is still spoken in several regions of Mexico and many festivals which are celebrated around the country come from Aztec tradition

CHOCOLATE WHICH WERE USED AS CURRENCY

Chinese civilization

Considered as the oldest civilization in Asia it was known as the Middle Kingdom and located on the far East of Asia chinese civilization as we know it first developed along the Great bend of the Yellow River where the Earth was soft and easily work by the protons of China Stones age men who live before 3,000 BC

Great Wall of China

The largest and most extensive infrastructure that the nation built it was constructed to keep out for rain invaders and control the borders of China it was made with stone brick, wood, and Earth and other materials

Gunpowder

Known as huoyao(fire potion) it was developed originally by Chinese alchemist who came to achieve immortality they mix charcoal sulfur and potassium nitrate but instead of creating elixir of life they accidentally invented a black powder that could actually generate large amounts amounts of heat angus in an instant

Indian civilization

Also called indus Valley civilization at Harappan civilization, the earliest known Urban culture of the Indian subcontinent the nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be the nuclear dates of disabilization appear to be 2,500 to 1,700 BCE through the southern side may have lasted later into the second millennium BCE

Metallurgical

Works especially iron?

indian era

Ayurveda

Medicine exemplified by______ who develop a system of traditional medicines still practice today

indian era

MOHENJODARO

Mathematics development of by _______ ruler and the mathematicians such as aryabhata who introduced trigometric function tables and techniques and algebra logarithms

Medieval ages

The Middle Ages which occurred between the collapse of the Roman Empire in 5th Century ad and the colonial expansion of the Western Europe in the late 15th century ad was an age of which started with worse migrations and population rise and fall according to Quinto 2019 the heavy plough, gunpowder, paper money mechanical clock, and Spinning Wheel where the important Technologies which emerge in this time period

Modern ages

According to Quinto et al (2019) middle ages was marked with a steady increase in population that emphasize the importance of increasing the efficiency of Transportation communication and the efficiency of Transportation communication and production during the modern ages more complicated problems for created that needed most solution and greater risk for many aspects of human life where needed address

Pasteurization

Invented by Louis Pasteur it's the process of heating dairy products to kill harmful bacteria

Microscope

Invented by Zacharias Janssen it is the key to discovering new means of preserving and curing various illness

Telephone

Invented by Alexander Graham Bell

Manuel Guerrero

Started beri beri in infants in the Philippines during Spanish era

Leon Maria Guerrero

Father of Botany in the Philippines and the first license pharmacies in the Philippines

Anacleto Del Rosario

The father of Philippine Science and laboratory invented the formula for producing a few kind of alcohol from Tuba in a nipa palm

Abelardo Aguilar

Invented erythromycin an antibiotic from streptomyces erythreus

aisa mijeno

Invented the sustainable alternative lighting lamp salt and environmental friendly light sources that run on saltwater

Rolando Dela Cruz

Invented a local mole remover from extract of cashew nuts

Maria orosa

Created the banana ketchup

Fe del Mundo

Invented of medical incubator from indigenous and cheap materials which did not run on electricity first Asian woman to be admitted at Harvard

Enrique ostrea

Invented the meconium drug testing he was recognized for his pioneering work for protecting fetal exposure to drugs

Ancient period

A primary challenge they face was the conservation of life the early people might have been successful in harnessing the rich resources that the world could provide that but their survival posed a great problem

Nicolaus Copernicus

Polish astronomer and mathematician who changed the way people understood the universe. He introduced the hell you Centric Theory which states that the earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun is discoveries became the foundation of modern astronomy and the Scientific Revolution

he studied at the University of Krakow where he learned mathematics and astronomy

Jagiellonian university (mathematics and astronomy)

university of bologna(Canon law and astronomy)

university of padua, italy(medicine)

university of Ferrara, italy(doctor of Canon law degree)

HELIOCENTRIC THEORY(sun is the center?

Was developed by the nicholas Copernicus and published in 1543 in his book

supported by: Galileo galilei, Johannes Kepler, isaan Newton.

GEOCENTRIC Model (earth is the center stationary )

Developed by the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy

Galileo galilei

used telescope to observe Venus, moon, Jupiter providing evidence that not everything revolves around the earth

Johannes Kepler

April the hell you Centric model by explaining that planets move in elliptical orbits not perfect circle

Isaac Newton

Explain why planets remain in orbit through his law of universal gravitation

24 hrs

The Earth rotates on its axis once every?

365 days

The Earth revolves around the Sun once every?

1st law planets move in elliptical orbits

2nd law planets move faster when closer to the Sun and is lower when farther away

3rd law the farther a planet in from the Sun the longer it takes to orbit

What are the three Kepler law?

Darwinian Revolution

Was the transformation in science goes by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection it changed the understanding of Life by showing that species evolve over time

Charles Darwin

The English naturalist who discovered the mechanism of evolution natural selection

Born on February 12th 1809 in Shrewsbury England

vestigial structures

Are remnants of organs or structure that had a function in an early ancestor

paleontology

is the study of fossil or extinct organism

1. variations

2. inheritance

3. competition

4. survival and reproduction

4 component (condition needed for natural selection)

variation

there are variety of forms of traits or phenotype. the presence of difference in physical traits behavior or genetic characteristics among individuals of the sane species

mutation

changes in the DNA sequence can result in new traits

sexual reproduction

new combination of traits can be created in gametes during meiosis

inheritance

only treats that are determined by an organism genes will be passed to the next generation