(DONE) Minerals

are minerals organic or inorganic

inorganic

what are larger amounts of minerals called

major minerals

what are smaller amounts of minerals called

micronutrients or trace minerals

what does calcium do

forms/maintains bone and teeth

too much calcium

hypercalcemia

too little calcium

hypocalcemia

what occurs with calcium deficiency

rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis

what does phosphorus do

maintains acid-base balance

what level is considered hyperphosphatemia

>2.6 mg/dL

what occurs with hyperphosphatemia

hypoparathyroidism and renal insufficiency

what causes hypophosphatemia

aluminum hydroxide antacids

what occurs with phosphorus deficiency

incomplete calcification of teeth, failure to form dentin, and increased caries risk

what does magnesium do

BP regulation and prevent stroke

what organ regulates magnesium

kidney

what occurs with magnesium toxicity

kidney failure

who is magnesium deficiency commonly seen in

chronic alcoholics

what does sodium do

water and acid-base regulation

what is it called if the body has too much sodium

hypernatremia

what causes hyponatremia

too much water consumption

what does iron do

hemoglobin and metabolism

what does iron convert

beta-carotene to vitamin A

what occurs with iron deficiency

anemia

what does iodine do

produce thyroxine

what occurs with too much iodine

thyroid issues

what occurs with iodine deficiency

goiter

what does zinc do

DNA/RNA synthesis

what does zinc control

taste, smell, and appetite

what occurs with zinc deficiency

oral manifestations and increase perio risk

what is the most important trace mineral

zinc

what does potassium control

fluid-electrolyte balance and muscle contraction

what does potassium reduce adverse effects of

sodium

what occurs with hypokalemia

diabetic acidosis and muscle weakness

what occurs with hyperkalemia

impaired renal excretion