Chapter 12 Blood, Lymph, and Lymph nodes

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erythropoietin is released from cells in the

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kidney

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where do all cells in the body come from

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pluripotent cell

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71 Terms

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erythropoietin is released from cells in the

kidney

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where do all cells in the body come from

pluripotent cell

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erythropoietin is released from cells in the kidney in response to

hypoxia

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excess RBC hemolysis→

excess amount of unconjugated bilirubin in plasma - hyperbilirubinemia

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what type of tissue is blood

fluid connective

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whole blood

Blood contained in cardiovascular system

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Peripheral blood

Whole blood circulating in blood vessels

carries oxygen, nurtients, waste materials

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Plasma

clear liquid in which cellular compontets are suspeneded

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blood is 55%

plasma

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plasma is 91%

water

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plasma is 7%

proteins

albumis, globulins, fibronogen

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blood is 45%

other elements

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why are platelets not a complete cell

no nucleus

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function of blood

transportation, regulation, defense system

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what does blood transport

oxygen, nutrients, waste products, hormones, platelets

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what does blood regulate

body temperature, tissue fluid content, blood ph (7.35-7.45ph)

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what is the blood Defense system consists of

white cells phagocytosis, platelets

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hematopoiesis

production of all blood cells

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where does hematopoiesis occur

red bone marrow

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erythropoiesis

Process of creating red blood cells

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nucleated RBC’s may be realesed in response to

severe anemia

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thrombopoiesis

Production of platelets

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Unopotential stem cell in bone marrow differentiates into a

megakaryocyte

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Pieces of cytoplasm from megakaryocytes are relaesed into

peripheral blood as platelets

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leukopoiesis

formation of white blood cells

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extravascular hemolysis counts for 90% of

senescent RBCs

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during the extravascular hemolysis process, hemoglobin is broken down in to

bilirubin

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platelets

thrombocytes

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how many factors in the Coagulation cascade

13

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Absence of platelets can result in

bleeding disorders

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petechiae

small hemorrhages on the skin

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granulocytes

neutrophils

eosinophils

basophils

mast cells

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function of white blood cells

Provide defense for the body against foreign invaders

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process used by neutrophils to go from curculation into tissue spaces

diapedesis

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process that attracts neutrophils to inflammatory chemicals at site of infection

chemotaxis

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Eosinophil function

Inflammatory response

immunity

phagocytosis

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Neutrophil function

involved in early stages of inflammatory response

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mast cell function

releases histamines, heparin, degranulation, potent stimulators of allergic and inflammatory responses

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t lymphocyte

cell-mediated immunity

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b lymphocytes

humoral immunity

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natural killer cells

apoptosis

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memory cells

wait in lymphoid tissue for second exposure to same antigen

quicker and stronger response than initial immune to reponse

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monocyte is

known as macrphage when it enters tissue

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Lymphatic system

system of ducts, fluid lymph, lymphoid organs, and tissues

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Where would you look for the thymus in a young animal?

cranial thorax

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Which leukocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

t lymphocytes

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Which leukocyte is responsible for humoral immunity?

b lymphocytes

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There are 13 clotting factors. What is the minimum number of factors that can be deficient or absent before blood will not clot?

0

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An example of an agranulocytic leukocyte is a/an

lymphocyte

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Redness, swelling, heat, and pain are the four cardinal signs of inflammation. A fifth sign that is frequently added is

loss of function

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An animal’s first line of defense against potential disease-causing organisms is the

skin

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Transplacental antibody transfer from mother to fetus is an example of

passive immunity

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An immunoglobulin is also known as a/an

antibody

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Which specific type of immunity is involved in antibody production?

humoral immunity

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inadequate lymph drainage can result in

edema

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the lymphatic systems functions are to

waste material transportation, filtration of lymph, protein transport

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primary lymphoid organs

thymus, bursa of fabricius, peyer’s patches

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secondary lymphoid organs

spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils

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the thymus is only prominent in ______ animals

young

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thymus

produces mature t cells sent from the bone marrow, cells leave to secondary lymphoid tissue

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Bursa of fabricius

round sac located above cloaca

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peyer’s patches

activate b cells to produce antibodies

located in wall of small intestine

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Secondary lymphoid organs functions

trap and process antigens and mature lymphocytes that mediate immune responses

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lymph nodes

Trap antigens and other foerign materials in lymph

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which secondary lymhoid organ can give clue to health of an animal

lymph nodes

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spleen

smooth muscle cells contract and squeeze blood out of the ____ and back into circulation

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which secondary lymhoid organ acts as a reservoir for blood when animal is at rest

the spleen

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white pulp of the spleen

filters out the lymph

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Red pulp of the spleen

filter antigens

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tonsils function

prevent spread of infection into respiratory and digestive systems

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An immature neutrophil with a horseshoe-shaped nucleus is called a...

Band cell