AP World History Unit 9 Review

Globalization

The phenomenon of increasing cultural and economic connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.

Telephone

Invention that revolutionized communication by allowing voice transmission over distances, facilitating instantaneous contac

Radio

Form of entertainment for the masses, and also served as a method of communication for governments in times of crisis, such as war.

Social Media

Digital platforms which democratized communication and aided in announcing global movements, one example being the Arab Spring.

Weibo

Highly monitored Chinese social media platform that took place after banning of Facebook and other platforms as a result of ethnic conflicts between Han and Uyghur population.

Green Revolution

Technological and scientific revolution in which new varieties of wheat, grain, and rice strains which were more resistant to pests and drought were introduced due to crossbreeding and genetic engineering.

Globalization Effects

I. Deforestation

II. Desertification

III. Air Pollution

IV. Fresh Water Depletion/Pollution

Nuclear Power

Initial power method used by scientists to power the increasing load of electrical demands, leading to increased productivity in the production of goods for sale.

Renewable Energy

Energy methods such as wind and solar used to power homes and industries, promoting sustainability and reducing reliance on fossil fuels after an increased concern for climate change.

Climate Change

Significant change in temperature and weather patterns, primarily driven by human activities like fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrial processes, resulting in various environmental impacts.

Kyoto Protocol

First international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change, signed in 1997.

Paris Agreement

International agreement which strictly outlined commitments from countries to limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius.

Antibiotics

Medical innovation developed in 1928 to kill bacterial diseases and infections.

Vaccines

Medical innovation helped to prepare and stimulate the body's immune response to prevent infectious diseases.

Birth Control

Medical innovation in the design of a small, swallowable pill, which significantly slowed down fertility rates in the global north (developed nations)

Heart Disease and Alzheimers

Chronic conditions that develop as a result of old age and living longer

Free Market Economics

Economic system in which trade is facilitated by the forces of supply and demand, not controlled by government affairs.

Chilean Economic Reforms

Series of policies implemented in the 1970s and 1980s aimed at liberalizing the Chilean economy under Augusto Pinochet, emphasizing neo-liberalism.

Neo-Liberalism

An economic and political philosophy promoting free markets, minimal government intervention, privatization of state-owned industries, and the stabilization of inflation.

Deng Xiaoping

Chinese ruler who implemented neo-liberalism and free-market principles into Chinese economy, leading to significant economic reforms and opening China to global trade.

Knowledge Economy

Economic system in which knowledge is used to create goods and services.

Vietnam, Bangladesh, and Mexico

Countries where manufacturing has shifted due to lower wages which can be paid to workers.

Multinational Corporation

A company that controls the manufacture and sale of goods in at least one other country than its own. (example: McDonalds/Google)

Pop-Culture

New form of culture for the “everyday human” composed by technologies such as the radio, television, and internet.

Olympic Games

International sporting events used to promote positive nationalism, whilst also representing the effects of globalization.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Document adopted by the United Nations in 1948, outlining the rights and freedoms that every human being is entitled to.

Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Woman

International treaty adopted in 1979 to eliminate discrimination against women in political, economic, social, and cultural aspects, outlining many of the factors later used in the feminist movement.

Civil Rights Act

Legislation passed in 1964 that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, aiming to expand civil rights and promote equality.

Nelson Mandela

South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader who served as the first black president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

Caste Reservation System

Policy in India designed to improve the socio-economic conditions of historically disadvantaged groups, reserving a certain percentage of seats in educational institutions and government jobs for them.

United Nations

An international organization founded in 1945, aimed at promoting peace, security, and cooperation among countries, established at the end of WW2.