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2 Fiber Lengths
Staple & Filament
Fiber
either natural or manufactured; twisted into yarns and used in the production of a fabric
Natural Fibers
come from plants or animals
crimp
the bends & curves along the fiber; natural to wool
manufactured fibers
manmade fibers; always start as filament fibers, synthetics, regenerated cellulosic and derivative cellulosic
cellulosic
carbohydrates found in plants
flexibility
how the fiber bends repeatedly without breaking
hand
the way the fabric feels when touched
luster
the ability to reflect light
pilling
tangled balls of fibers that appear on the surface of a fabric; result of continued friction
resiliency/wrinkle recovery
the ability of a fabric to spring back to its original shape after being twisted, crushed, wrinkled, or distorted in any way
thermoplastic
fibers that withstand heat exposure; can be heat set with permanent creases or pleats
abrasion resistance
the degree by which a fabric can withstand loss of appearance through friction
dimensional stability
maintains original shape; does not shrink or stretch
cover
the ability to occupy an area
elasticity
the ability of a fiber or fabric to return to its original length, shape, or size immediately after the removal of stress
wicking
the ability of a fiber or fabric to disperse moisture and allow it to pass through the surface of the fabric so that evaporation can take place
absorbency
the ability of a fabric to take in moisture
fiber diameter
fiber thickness
the exception natural fiber that is not a staple fiber
silk
hydrophilic
affinity to water
hydrophobic
resistance to water
hygroscopic
absorbs and releases moisture with the humidity=insulation & retains heat when wet
“round” feel
thicker; resistant to fold
yarn
a continuous strand fibers created when fibers are twisted together
fabrics
made by yarns, either knitted or woven
dyeing
adding colorant to fiber, yarns, or fabric
printing
the application of localized color to create a pattern on fabric
finishing
a fabric that has gone through all the necessary finishing process; can be aesthetic or functional
put up
how the fabric is shipped from the mill (either rolled or flat)
mills
owns the machinery to make the fabric
converters
buy greige goods (unfinished) and dyes and finished the fabric based on the person buying
jobbers
sell pieces of fabrics
TFPIA
Textile Fiber Products Identification Act; the government act on the labeling of garments
% of the market that is apparel (clothing)
35%
% of the market that is interiors (furniture)
30%
% of the market that is industrial (luggage, bandages)
30%
