Unit 2: Population Geography

Meridian

An arc connecting the North and South poles

Used for telling time

Longitude

Part of the coordinate numbering system made up of Meridians (north/south)

Parallel

Circles drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians

Latitude

Part of the coordinate numbering system made up of parallels (east/west)

Choropleth Map

Map where recognizable areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the data collected

Graduated Symbol Map

Map displaying a graphic multiple times that changes in size according to the value of data

Isoline Map

A map that connects with lines all the places that have particular values.

Dot Distribution Map

Map that depicts data as points and shows how those points are clustered together or spread out over an area

Cartogram Map

Map in which the size of a territory is proportional to the value of particular data

Small Scale

Zoomed out, less detail

Large Scale

Zoomed in, more detail

Projection

Scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map

Toponym

The name given to a place on Earth's surface.

Site

The physical character of a place

Situation

The location of a place relative to other places

Relative Location

Relates to situation, could change

Absolute Location

Describes the location of a place in a way that never changes

Formal/Uniform Region

An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics like language or climate

Functional/Nodal Region

Area organized around a node or focal point. An example would be the reception area of a TV station. At the center, the signal is strongest and then gets weaker the farther out it goes

Vernacular/Perceptual Region

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. For example, the Midwest

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other necessities available in the environment (2.1.1)

Overpopulation

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living (2.1.1)

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement (2.1.2)

Four Population Clusters

2/3 of the world's population are clustered in these areas (Europe, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia) (2.1.2)

Arithmetic Density

Total number of people divided by the total land area (2.1.3)

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture (2.1.3)

Agricultural Density

Ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land (2.1.3)

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year. Excluding migration (2.2.1)

Doubling Time

Number of years needed to double a population size assuming a constant NIR (2.2.1)

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society (2.2.2)

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The number of births in a society (2.2.2)

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Total number of deaths in a year of infants under one year of age compare with total live births (2.2.2)

Demographic Transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population (2.2.3)

Stage 1

- Very High CDR

- Very High CBR

- Very Low NIR

Stage 2

- High CBR

- Declining CDR

- Very High NIR

Stage 3

- Declining CBR

- Moderately Declining CDR

- Moderate NIR

Stage 4

- Very Low CBR

- Low or slightly increasing CDR

- 0 or negative NIR

Stage 5

- Very Low CBR

- Rising CDR

- Negative NIR

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

When the CDR and CBR are equal and the NIR is 0

Population Pyramid

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex

Medical Revolution

Technologies invented in the western world to diagnose and treat disease extended to the developing world

Life Expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions (2.3.1)

Dependency Ratio

the number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years (2.3.1)

Elderly Support Ration

The number of working-age people (ages 15 to 64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older (2.3.1)

Sex Ratio

The number of males per 100 females in the population (2.3.2)

Maternal Mortality Rate

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes) (2.3.2)