Developmental frame of reference

Based on normal human development. Generally, an occupational therapist uses this frame of reference in kids with gross motor skills or fine motor skills delays

Developmental Frame of Reference

Primarly influenced by _______ an occupational therapist who integrated developmental theories into occupational therapy practice.

Lela Llorens

Proponent Psychosocial Stages of Development

Erik Erikson

Proponent Psychosexual Stages of Development

Sigmund Freud

Proponent Stages of Cognetive Development

Jean Piaget

Proponent of Theory of Moral Development

Lawrence Kohlberg

What developmental frame of reference proposes that our personality develops through eight stages, from infancy to old age.

Psychosocial Stages of Development

Psychosocial stage 1, age, psychosocial crisis and the virtue of development

Infancy, 18 months, trust vs mistrust and hope

Psychosocial stage 2, age, psychosocial crisis and the virtue of development

early childhood, 18 months to 3yrs old, autonomy vs shame and doubt, and will

Psychosocial stage 3, age, psychosocial crisis and the virtue of development

pre-school, 3 to 5 yrs old, initiative vs guilt, and purpose

Psychosocial stage 4, age, psychosocial crisis and the virtue of development

School age, 6 - 11 yrs old, Industry vs Inferiority and competence

Psychosocial stage 5, age, psychosocial crisis and the virtue of development

adolescence, 12 to 18, identity vs role confusion, Fidelity

Psychosocial stage 6, age, psychosocial crisis and the virtue of development

early adulthood, 18 to 40, intimacy vs isolation, and love

Psychosocial stage 7, age, psychosocial crisis and the virtue of development

adulthood, 40-65, generativity vs stagnation, and care

Psychosocial stage 8, age, psychosocial crisis and the virtue of development

maturity/ late adulthood, 65- death, Integrity vs despair, and wisdom

What frame of reference is this when leading to the development of the adult personality represents a conflict between a person's instinctual drives and societal expectations for behavior. At each stage, a person's libidinal energy is focused on a different region of the body.

Psychosexual stages of development

Driving force behind all human behavior.

LIBIDO

This is psychosexual oral what age and erogenous zone of Development

0-1, mouth

They find pleasure through sucking and eating.

Oral

This is psychosexual anal what age and erogenous zone of Development is this?

1-3, bowel and bladder control

too organize and the toilet training is too strict

Anal retentive

too messy and the toilet training is not strict

Anal explosive

This is psychosexual phallic what age and erogenous zone of Development is this?

3-6, and genitals

boy feels subconsciously attraction towards their mother and father is rival

Oedipus complex

girl feels subconsciously attraction towards their father and mother is rival

electra complex

This is psychosexual latency what age of Development is this?

6 to 12

Sexual feelings are inactive ( libido is active)

Latency

Mature sexual interest

Genital

This is psychosexual genital what age of Development is this?

12+

What theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of intelligence.

Stages of cognitive development

What are the 4 stages of cognitive development

Sensorimotor, pre, concreate, formal operational stage

Stage 1 sensorimotor age?

birth to 2yrs old

Stage 2 pre operational age?

2-7yrs old

Stage 3 concrete operational age?

7-11yrs old

Stage 4 formal operational age?

12+

What stage of cognitive development when they learn through their senses and actions and on the other hand Infants learn through sensory experiences and movement.

They develop object permanence (they know aha ila toy)

Learning happens through trial and error.

Stage 1: Sensorimotor

What cognitive stage is this when Children begin using language and symbols.

They engage in pretend play but struggle with logic.

They exhibit egocentrism (difficulty seeing things from another’s perspective)

Stage 2: Pre-operational stage

What stage is this in cognitive development that a Children develops logical thinking but struggles with abstract concepts.

They understand conservation (e.g., the amount of liquid stays the same even if poured into a different container).

They begin understanding others’ viewpoints.

Stage 3: concreate operational stage

What stage is this in cognitive development when adolescents and adults develop abstract thinking and reasoning.

They can think about hypothetical situations and problem-solving.

They understand complex ideas like morality and philosophy.

Stage 4: formal operational stage

Refers to gains made in all the development that appear simultaneously in a given age. For example, what are the skills can be performed by a 3 year old child?

Horizontal growth

Related to growth over time, observing the chronological age increments of the child. For example, observing the growth over the span of zero to 20 years.

LONGITUDINALLY GROWTH

What Frame of reference is when the process by which people develop the distinction between right and wrong (morality) and engage in reasoning between the two (moral reasoning)

Theory of moral development

What stage and age is preconventional morality?

Stage 1, 3-7yrs old

What stage and age is conventional morality?

Stage 2, 8-13yrs old

What stage and age is postconventional morality

Stage 3, adulthood

What morality is when the children focuses on the reward

Punishment and obedience

expecting reward

preconventional morality

What morality is this when you are being a good person and your right and wrong is depend on others

conventional morality

What morality is this when they can understand laws are important based on justice, human rights and personal ethical beliefs

Post conventional morality

What are the 3 theory of moral development

preconventional morality. conventional morality and post-conventional morality