Arnheim's Principles of Athletic Training Study Flashcards

Comprehensive flashcards covering key topics, principles, diagnostics, and management protocols from Arnheim's Principles of Athletic Training.

Who wrote the first athletic training text, "The Trainer's Bible", in 1917?

Dr. S.E. Bilik

In what year and location was the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) formed?

1950 in Kansas City, Missouri

What formula is used to calculate the required total square footage for an athletic training facility based on peak student load?

$$\frac{\text{\# students at peak}}{20\text{ per table per day}} \times 100\,\text{ft}^2 = \text{total square footage}$$

What is the difference between nonfeasance, malfeasance, and misfeasance in legal negligence?

Nonfeasance (act of omission) is failing to perform a legal duty; malfeasance (act of commission) is committing an act that is not legally one's to perform; misfeasance is improperly doing an act that an individual has the legal right to perform.

What five components must a plaintiff prove to establish athletic trainer negligence?

1. Conduct
2. Existence of Duty
3. Breach of Duty
4. Causation
5. Damage

What is the primary operational difference between primary and secondary health insurance coverage for athletic programs?

Primary coverage pays covered medical expenses immediately after a deductible without involving the family's personal insurance; secondary coverage pays covered expenses only after all other personal insurance sources have been exhausted.

According to the Salter-Harris Classification of Growth Plate Injuries shown in the image, what characterizes Types I through V?

Type I: complete separation of the physis; Type II: separation of the growth plate with a small metaphyseal fragment; Type III: fracture of the physis; Type IV: fracture of both physis and metaphysis; Type V: crushing compression force to the physis.

How is the target training heart rate calculated using the Karvonen equation?

$\text{Target HR} = \text{Resting HR} + 0.6 \times (\text{Max HR} - \text{Resting HR})$, where $\text{Max HR} = 220 - \text{age}$.

How is the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index calculated?

$\text{WBGT} = (0.1 \times \text{DBT}) + (0.7 \times \text{WBT}) + (0.2 \times \text{GT})$, or simplified as $\text{WBGT} = (0.3 \times \text{DBT}) + (0.7 \times \text{WBT})$.

What flag color is assigned for a WBGT of $\ge 90^\circ\text{F}$, and what guidance applies to exercise activity?

Black flag; cancel all outdoor exercise requiring physical exertion for both nonacclimatized and fully acclimatized individuals.

What anatomical femoral neck-shaft angle variations are demonstrated in the line drawings labeled A, B, and C?

A: Normal femoral neck-shaft angle ($120^\circ\text{--}125^\circ$); B: Coxa vara ($<120^\circ$); C: Coxa valga ($>125^\circ$).

What are the three phases of soft tissue healing and their typical durations?

1. Inflammatory Response Phase (injury to day 4)
2. Fibroblastic Repair Phase (day 4 to week 6)
3. Maturation/Remodeling Phase (week 6 to 2--3 years)

What is Wolff's law?

Wolff's law states that bone and soft tissue will respond to the physical demands placed on them, causing them to remodel or realign along lines of tensile force.

What are the 12 cranial nerves in numerical order?

I Olfactory, II Optic, III Oculomotor, IV Trochlear, V Trigeminal, VI Abducens, VII Facial, VIII Vestibulocochlear, IX Glossopharyngeal, X Vagus, XI Accessory, XII Hypoglossal.

What criteria under the Ottawa Ankle Rules dictate the requirement of plain film radiography after an acute ankle injury?

Radiographs are required if there is bone tenderness along the posterior $6\,\text{cm}$ or tip of either malleolus, bone tenderness at the navicular or base of the 5th metatarsal, or an inability to bear weight both immediately post-injury and for 4 steps in the clinical setting.

What finger deformities are illustrated in the provided diagram?

Top: Mallet finger (avulsion of extensor tendon at distal phalanx); Middle: Boutonnière deformity (rupture of central extensor slip at PIP with palmar displacement of lateral bands); Bottom: Swan-neck deformity (hyperextension at PIP and flexion at DIP).

What palmar fascial pathology is depicted in the diagram?

Dupuytren's contracture, in which nodular thickening of the palmar aponeurosis leads to a fixed flexion deformity of the digits (most commonly the 4th or 5th finger).

What is a positive McMurray's test, and what pathology does it indicate?

A positive test is a click, pop, or pain elicited over the joint line during passive knee flexion and extension combined with internal or external rotation of the tibia; it indicates a meniscal tear.

What distinguishes an epidural hematoma from a subdural hematoma in terms of vessel involvement and symptom onset?

An epidural hematoma involves arterial bleeding (typically meningeal arteries) between the skull and dura mater, causing rapid symptom progression within minutes to hours; a subdural hematoma involves venous bleeding between the dura mater and brain, causing slower symptom onset (acute or chronic).

What defines Second Impact Syndrome (SIS)?

Second Impact Syndrome occurs when an athlete sustains a second head injury before symptoms of a prior concussion have fully resolved, resulting in rapid, catastrophic loss of cerebral blood autoregulation and severe brain swelling.

What is Kehr's sign, and what internal injury does it indicate?

Kehr's sign is referred pain to the left shoulder and upper arm; it is a clinical indicator of a ruptured or contused spleen.

What is the difference between Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus?

Type I (insulin-dependent) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a complete or near-complete lack of insulin production by pancreatic beta cells, typically developing before age 35; Type II (non-insulin-dependent) involves insulin resistance or relative insulin deficiency, often linked to obesity and developing later in life.

What three conditions comprise the Female Athlete Triad?

1. Disordered eating
2. Amenorrhea
3. Osteoporosis

What is the difference between acute compartment syndrome and chronic exertional compartment syndrome?

Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency caused by direct trauma or severe injury leading to rapid pressure buildup, tissue ischemia, and potential necrosis; chronic exertional compartment syndrome is exercise-induced tissue swelling within a rigid fascial compartment that subsides with rest.

What neurophysiologic mechanisms differentiate autogenic inhibition from reciprocal inhibition in PNF stretching?

Autogenic inhibition is the reflex relaxation of the target (antagonist) muscle induced by Golgi tendon organs during its own maximal isometric contraction; reciprocal inhibition is the reflex relaxation of the antagonist muscle induced by active contraction of the opposing agonist muscle.