HASS Y10 Test 1 - Post WW1

wohooooo done!! special thanks to jassy t

Treaty of Versailles

A treaty made in Versailles, France to officially end WW1. Was signed on the 28th of June 1919, and involved many countries, though discussions were dominated by the Big Three (USA, France, and Britain)

What Georges Clemenceau Wanted from the ToV

Wanted:

• Revenge on Germany for the damage it inflicted onto France and the French people

• Compensation for all of the damage caused by Germany to France

• To weaken Germany to such an extent that there would be no chance of invasion to France

In overall, he wanted it very harsh

What David Lloyd George Wanted from the ToV

Wanted:

• Punishment, though not too harsh as to not cause another war

• To weaken the Germany navy so that it wasn’t a threat to the British

• To establish a trade partnership with Germany

Overall, believed there should be punishment, but not as harsh

What Woodrow Wilson wanted from the ToV

Wanted:

• Peace all over the war and not a chance for another war

• To establish a League of Nations in order for future problems to be discussed without war

• To enact all of his 14 Points

Overall, wanted to be very soft on Germany

Examples of Articles of the ToV

• Blame Clause

• Army to be made up of at most 100,000, of all volunteers

• No navy, tanks or submarines

• To leave the Rhineland alone

• Give away the Ruhr to the League of Nations for 15 years

Significance of the Blame Clause

Meant that Germany would have to accept blame for the war starting, and that it would have to pay reparations (132 billion gold marks)

The Roaring 20’s

The time period of the 1920’s where people put behind the negativity of the war behind them and spent more time having fun. Introduced many new innovations, inventions and new ideas, though it did not affect everyone and in someways, hurt more than helped. Is also known as the jazz age due to the introduction of Jazz (introduced by African American people, and made popular by musicians like Louis Armstrong

Technology in the 1920’s

Introduced electricity to many homes in urban areas, which created a market for new inventions like vacuums and other household appliances. Also introduced the assembly line, which was important as it made many goods much cheaper to make and thus more accessible to the public. Movies became increasingly popular, with film stars being the first real celebrities, such as Charlie Chaplin

Paying on Credit

A method of payment in which one pays for something using the banks money, and pays the bank back later. Became popular in the 1920’s with many expensive goods on the market. Was a factor to the Great Depression as people could not pay back banks with no job, causing the banks to lose a lot of money

The Assembly Line

A system of assembly for goods invented in 1913 by Henry Ford in order to make his very accessible to the general public, as beforehand, they were limited to only the super-rich. This lowered cars from taking 12 hours to make, to taking 90 minutes, making cars very popular

Flappers

Young women in the 1920’s who rebelled against social norms for women at the time by wearing loose dresses, revealing skin, having short hair, and openly smoking and drinking. These women were seen as incredibly scandalous and were hated by conservative groups like the Catholic Church

Who the 1920’s affected

Only affected white people who lived in urban areas that were not apart of oppressed minorities. Those who lived in the country did not experience flapper women, nor electricity. As well as this, African American people still experienced much racism, as well as people of other races

1920’s Effects on Women

Introduced flapper women, though at the same time, caused a lot of women to be paid less. Women’s roles in the house also never changed, still being expected to stay at home and complete household tasks while the man worked

Prohibition

The time between 1920-1933 where alcohol was illegal in America

Weinmar Republic

A system of Democratic Government for Germany which lasted from 1919-1933. Was largely blamed for the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, though they had little choice. Known as Weinmar as it was made in a town by the same name

Effect of the Reparations on Germany

Was too large and destroyed the economy. Caused the government to print more money to pay it off faster, though it hyperinflated the mark and made it practically useless

Hyper-inflation in Germany

A problem caused by the government printing more money to pay off the reparations to France and Britain. Made the German mark worthless, and cheaper for people to use the bills as insulation or burn them as fuel

Political Uprisings in Germany

There were many attempts to overthrow the Weinmar Republic, being the Communist Putsch (1919), the Kapp Putsch (1920), and the Beer Hall Putsch (1923, was led by Hitler)

Reason why People Disliked the Weinmar Republic

It was the government which signed the Treaty of Versailles, causing much hardship for all German people. This was practically forced though, as Germany had few resources, spent $40 billion on the war and feared invasion from the Allies

Leaders of Germany in the Weinmar Republic

• Friedrich Ebert (1919-1925 (his death))

• Gustav Stresemann (1925-1933)

Diktat

The nickname of the ToV for German people, which means “enforced peace”, and was due to how the ToV was made to weaken Germany so much that no fighting could occur

Gustav Stresemann

The second president of the Weinmar Republic, who greatly contributed to helping solve the economic problem of hyperinflation for Germany at the time

Contributions of Gustav Stresemann

• Introduced a new currency known as the Rentenmark to replace the hyper-inflated Mark

• Encouraged Germans to work in the Ruhr after the Ruhr invasion

• Negotiated with the Allies to make reparations more realistic

• Secured many loans for Germany

• Introduced new plans to help Germany pay of the reparations

The Ruhr Invasion

An invasion by France and Belgium of the Ruhr Region of Germany (the main working area) in 1923 to steal money from Germans after Germany had failed to pay off the scheduled reparations. Caused many Germans to be scared of working

Land Taken from Germany in the ToV

• German colonies were taken away

• Alsace-Lorraine was given back to France

• Rhineland was demilitarised

• Germany forbidden to unite with Austria

• Posen was given to Poland

• North Schleswig was given to Denmark

• The Saar Coalfields were given to Russia

Problems with Gustav’s New Currency (Rentenmark)

• Was highly fragile and fully dependent on the the US economy

• Only the working class experienced better conditions, with the middle class losing all of their savings

The Great Depression

A time of economic depression, where the economy severely worsened between 1929-39. Demand became extremely low and unemployment rates skyrocketed (at 32% in Australia)

Cause of the Great Depression

The massive spike of demand in products in the 1920’s flattened as consumers had already bought products, leading to workers being laid off. With people getting fired, they could no longer pay their debts to the bank, leading to banks losing a lot of money. This all lead to the domino effect of the Wall Street Crash in 1929, that made the problem worse

Men in the Great Depression

Many left their towns, families and wives/children in search of seasonal work for any income possible. Led to many women having to support entire households as they were paid less, meaning jobs were achieved easier, as well as some supported

Economic Effects of the Great Depression on People

• Led to intense poverty

• Much homeless (meaning people had to live in Hoovervilles)

• Jobs were scarce

• Men left households for any work possible

Social Effects of the Great Depression on People

• Women supported entire households as they worked easier

• Less trust in the Government

• Living conditions worsened

• Crime rates hightened

Hooverville

A makeshift town of homes made from salvaged wood, cardboard, and tin, created by homeless people in the Great Depression

Governments’ Reaction to the Great Depression

Many relied on charities at first to feed the poor, but upon realising that the charities were unable to handle such high levels of poverty, started giving sustenance payments known as susso

Susso

Sustenance payments given to people by the Government in the Great Depression which were in the form of limited food and coupons, and was only given to those who were desolate, with no savings and unemployed for a long time