Integumentary System and Joint Anatomy Vocabulary

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the structure and functions of the skin, integumentary glands, and types of synovial joints.

Epidermis

The outer layer of skin that can be seen and touched; serves as a protective barrier, produces new skin cells to replace old ones, and contains melanin.

Melanin

A pigment contained inside the epidermis that is made to protect against UV radiation.

Dermis

The inner layer of skin containing blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands; provides nutrients and oxygen to the skin, regulates body temperature, and detects sensations.

Subcutaneous fatty tissue

Layer of fat that stores energy for the body, cushions and protects muscles, bone, and organs, and helps insulate the body to keep it warm.

Hair follicles

Structures that produce and grow hair, which keeps the body warm, prevents the skin from UV light, and assists with protection.

Sensory nerves

Nerves that detect touch, pain, and temperature, and send signals to the brain.

Sebaceous glands

Oil glands that secrete oil into hair follicles to spread onto hair and skin as a protective barrier.

Sweat glands

Glands that secrete sweat containing water and small amounts of waste to cool the body down and remove waste.

Nails

Structures that protect the tips of fingers and toes.

Joint

The point where $2$ or more bones meet, allowing movement.

Joint Capsule

A structure that surrounds and protects a joint.

Synovial membrane

A membrane within a joint structure that produces synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid

A fluid produced by the synovial membrane that lubricates the joint and reduces friction.

Bursae

Small fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints and reduce friction.

Ball and socket joint

A type of synovial joint allowing movement in all directions, found in the shoulder and hips.

Hinge joint

A type of synovial joint allowing movement in one direction, found in the elbow, knees, and fingers.

Pivot joint

A type of synovial joint allowing turning or rotating movement, found in the neck.

Saddle joint

A type of synovial joint allowing a wide range of movement, located at the base of the thumb.

Gliding joint

A type of synovial joint where bones slide or glide past each other, found in the wrist, ankle, and vertebrae.

Condyloid joint

A type of synovial joint allowing movement back and forth and side to side in $2$ directions, found in the wrist.