Genetics Chapter 1 Slideshow Notes from Class

once a neuron becomes a neuron

they rarely divide

mitosis

division of the nucleus

cells can get stuck in the growth/dividng stage which leads to

cancer

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm and cell membrane

G1

heavy gene expression; protein synthesis; cell growth

G0

nondividng (quiescence), most cells in your body; regenerate by stem cells

G1/S checkpoint

will the cell divide?

is the DNA intact?

G2/M checkpoint

is DNA intact?

did DNA replication actually get completed?

G2

DNA replication complete and further cell growth

nucleosome

basic unit of organizational DNA

chromatin

decondensed chromosomes/DNA + histones

chromosome

highest degree of condensed chromosomes in in metaphase

function of a chromosome is the same...

no matter where the centromere is

sister chromatids are always

identical and conjoined at the centromere

homologous chromosomes

same linear order and length/centromere location, but not joined at centrosome

- not necessarily identical

different chromosome length =

different centromere location

diploid

same length, same loci

noallele

an allele that is not working

locus have

high variability

autosomal chromosome

chromosome not involved in gender

karyotypes may not always be

an even # of chromosomes

all animal cells have

centrosomes

the 2 centrosomes in interphase will become

spindle pool

when does the nuclear envelope disintegrate

prometaphase

how do the chromosomes get to the metaphase plate in mitosis

they go by themselves

how many DNA molecules are in each daughter chromosome in anaphase

1 molecule

meiosis consists of ____ cells

germ

six dyads =

2 DNA molecules

when are chromosomes no longer identical in prophase I

diplotene

when are chromosomes completly condensed in prophase I

diakinesis

triploid and haploid cells ____ undergo meiosis

can not

tetraploid cells ____ undergo meiosis

can

during 7 months of gestation the egg inside the fetus gets stuck in

prophase I

at puberty, the egg in prophase will

continue on until it is stuck in metaphase

the cell that is stuck in metaphase will

continue through the cycle if a sperm fertilizes it

seedless watermelon form from

diploid and tetraploid

mules

female horse and male donkey