Soil Horizons

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11 Terms

1

TERM

O horizon

DEFINITION

humus

Organic top layer, Surface plant and animal remains form hummus. Able to retain water and nutrients. Has an organic composition from 20%-30%

<p>DEFINITION</p><p>humus</p><p>Organic top layer, Surface plant and animal remains form hummus. Able to retain water and nutrients. Has an organic composition from 20%-30%</p>
2

A horizon

Topsoil

A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals.

The first true layer of soil; layer in which organic material is mixed with mineral particles.

<p>Topsoil</p><p>A crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay, and other minerals.</p><p>The first true layer of soil; layer in which organic material is mixed with mineral particles.</p>
3

TERM

B horizon

DEFINITION

Subsoil

Contains most of a soil's inorganic matter and is mostly broken-down rock consisting of varying mixtures of sand, silt, and clay.

Minerals get deposited from A horizon due to leaching

<p>DEFINITION</p><p>Subsoil</p><p>Contains most of a soil's inorganic matter and is mostly broken-down rock consisting of varying mixtures of sand, silt, and clay.</p><p>Minerals get deposited from A horizon due to leaching</p>
4

TERM

C horizon

DEFINITION

Parent Material

Partially Altered Parent Material Weathered Bedrock

The layer of soil below the B Horizon and above bedrock

<p>DEFINITION</p><p>Parent Material</p><p>Partially Altered Parent Material Weathered Bedrock</p><p>The layer of soil below the B Horizon and above bedrock</p>
5

R horizon

Bedrock

The bedrock, solid rock, which lies below all of the other layers of soil, is referred to as the R horizon.

<p>Bedrock</p><p>The bedrock, solid rock, which lies below all of the other layers of soil, is referred to as the R horizon.</p>
6

humus

material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter

<p>material formed from decaying leaves and other organic matter</p>
7

loam

perfect agricultural soil with equal portions of sand, silt, and clay.

<p>perfect agricultural soil with equal portions of sand, silt, and clay.</p>
8

sand

the coarsest soil, with particles 0.05,2.0 mm in diameter.

<p>the coarsest soil, with particles 0.05,2.0 mm in diameter.</p>
9

clay

the finest soil, made up of particles that are less than 0.002 mm in diameter.

<p>the finest soil, made up of particles that are less than 0.002 mm in diameter.</p>
10

silt

fine particles of fertile soil

<p>fine particles of fertile soil</p>
11

TERM

C horizon

DEFINITION

Partially Altered Parent Material Weathered Bedrock

The layer of soil below the B Horizon and above bedrock

<p>DEFINITION</p><p>Partially Altered Parent Material Weathered Bedrock</p><p>The layer of soil below the B Horizon and above bedrock</p>