Accounting Information Systems Chapter 5: Data Storage & Big Data

Consists of facts and statistics about a person or object that are collected for reference or analysis.

Data

What can data include?

Numbers, words, measurements, observations, or even just the description of the object it references.

What are the six data elements that together comprise an IT system

1. Bit

2. Byte

3. Field

4. Record

5. File

6. Database

The smallest element in a computer system

Bits

Are composed of Bits

Bytes

Are composed of bytes

Fields

Are composed of fields

Records

Are composed of records

Files

Are composed of files

Databases

What are the two types of ways data is categorized as based on how that data is stored on a computer

1. Structured

2. Unstructured

Data that is organized and fits nicely into tables

Structured

Data that doesn't fit into a traditional table

Unstructured

What are some characteristics of structured data?

1. Defined data types like numerical, text, or date

2. Can easily be displayed as a table

3. Require less storage space and are easier to manage

What are some characteristics of unstructured data?

1. Not stored in a fixed field of a record or file

2. Images, audio, video, and more

3. Require more storage space and are harder to manage

4. Cannot easily be displayed as a table and are harder to manage

Refers to user-generated content and user participation on the internet with interactive applications. Read and write environment

Web 2.0

True or False: The internet was once a "read-only" environment where users mainly consumed published content

True

True or False: Over time, unstructured data has grown much more quickly than structured data

True

Data that doesn't change once it's created

Static Data

Data that may change after it is recorded and must be updated

Dynamic Data

A set of logically related files (tables) that contains an organized collection of data that is accessible for fast searching and retrieval.

Database

The most common type of database you'll encounter, organize structured data in interrelated tables which are connected by similarities between tables.

Relational Database

The systems that manage a database and retrieve data for a user. For example, Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server, and Microsoft Access

Database Management System (DBMS)

Requests for data that is stored within a database

Queries

Queries are written in a ______ that is unique to the database management system

Querying Languages

A logical diagram of a database's structure and organization. It depicts relationships between tables and acts as both a blueprint for database administrators when setting up a new database and a guide for users who access an established database

Schema

The capability of a database to manage increasing demands

Database Scalability

What are the 2 types of scaling?

1. Vertical Scaling

2. Horizontal Scaling

This type of scaling increases the size of the machine

Vertical Scaling

This type of scaling increases the number of machines

Horizontal Scaling

A database that is connected to an information system that is used for transactions in a business process. This database is "live"— the data is created and stored in real time as a result of a transaction being processed

Production Database

What are the 2 types of data storage?

1. Data Lake

2. Data Warehouse

Is designed specifically for reporting and data analysis and contains relevant data that has already been transformed for reporting use.

Data Warehouse

A vast pool of data as it is designed to contain all a company's data and acts as a central repository for data. Stores data that has not yet been cleaned, aggregated, or filtered.

Data Lake

A subset of a data warehouse that is designed for a specific business function. A department uses this for its individual reporting needs.

Data Mart

What is the type of data do data lakes use?

Unstructured and structured data from across the company (raw data)

What is the type of data do data warehouses use?

Historical data in a structured format designed for a relational database (processed data)

What is the purpose of data lakes?

Cost-effective storage of big data

What is the purpose of data warehouses?

Aggregated big data for analytics and business decisions

Who are the users of data lakes?

Data Scientists

Who are the users of data warehouses?

Data Analysts

What are the activities of a data lake?

1. Storing big data

2. Big data analytics (data science)

What are the activities of a data warehouse?

1. Supporting business analysis

2. Read-only queries for aggregating or extracting data

What is the scope of data of a data lake?

All data in a company

What is the scope of data of a data warehouse?

Only data relevant to analysis

True or False: Data flows through an enterprise data lake to an enterprise data warehouse

True

Refers to extremely large and complex data sets that can be analyzed using recent technological innovations to reveal patterns and associations. So large, generated so fast, and so unstructured that it surpasses the limitations of traditional systems and databases.

Big Data

What are the 5 characteristics of big data?

1. Volume

2. Velocity

3. Variety

4. Veracity

5. Value

The speed at which data is generated.

Velocity

The accuracy and truthfulness of the data.

Veracity

The diversity of data created or collected.

Variety

The quantity and scale of data generated every second.

Volume

Arguably the most important of the 5Vs because data isn't useful to a business unless it can be converted into valuable information. Extracting useful data.

Value